Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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A novel simple hemoglobin dilution technique to measure hemodialysis vascular access flow

Measurement of the vascular access flow rate (Qa) is a widely accepted method for surveillance and predicting access failure. Among current practical methods, the ultrasound dilution technique is standard, but this requires a costly device available in few hemodialysis (HD) centers. Here, we devised a simple hemoglobin dilution technique to accurately measure Qa without the need for any special machines. Before HD, values of Qa were determined in each of 30 patients by hemoglobin dilution and then, in the same session, by ultrasound dilution. There was a significant correlation between the two techniques using automated hemoglobin and hematocrit or centrifuge-measured hematocrit levels to calculate HD fluid-derived Qa values. Our study shows that the HD dilution technique, using no special device, is economical, highly accurate, and easy to perform, and can be used as an alternative to standard ultrasound dilution for vascular access surveillance