117 research outputs found
Treatment of Post Dural Puncture Headaches in The Obstetric Population
Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a headache associated with orthostatic symptoms in which the headache increases with standing and is relieved with supine position. This type of headache arises as a result of a dural puncture either intentionally such as occurs with a subarachnoid block, or inadvertently during placement of an epidural. These symptoms can be of varying severity and usually appears within 1-3 days post dural puncture. In many cases patients are incapacitated and unable to carry out activities of daily living until treatment is received. If left untreated, 85% of PDPH resolve within six weeks, however, most new mothers are unwilling to wait that long (Sprigge, 2008). The risk factors for developing a post dural puncture headache include the size and type of needle used to make the dural puncture, female gender, patient age between 18-50, and a history of chronic or recurrent headaches. According to Sprigge & Harper (2008), the incidence of accidental dural puncture during the initiation of epidural analgesia in the obstetric population is between 0.5% and 2.5%. With these risk factors in mind one can understand why the incidence of post dural puncture headache is elevated in the obstetric population. Following accidental dural puncture for a labor epidurals 80-86% of these patients will develop a post dural puncture headache (Sprigge, 2008).
While there are a variety of treatment and prevention options used in healthcare for post dural puncture headache, this evidence based review seeks to identify the most effective interventions. A review of literature found the administration of an epidural blood patch to have the best results in the treatment of post dural puncture headaches, although rarely used as a first line treatment due to the invasiveness of the procedure (Safa-Tisseront, 200 I). Many healthcare found in this literature review did not support this practice as changing the incidence or severity of post dural puncture headache (Cook, 1989, Dietrich, 1988 & Spriggs, 1992). While the benefit of the administration of sumatriptan was not supported by the research (Connelly, 2000), caffeine administration did show a statistical significant improvement with the symptoms associated with post dural puncture headache (Camann, 1990). Other preventative measures such as the injection of normal saline or morphine into the epidural space following a dural puncture are also explored within the context of this independent projec
A fĂ©ny Ă©s az aljnövĂ©nyzet tĂ©rbeli mintĂĄzatĂĄnak összefĂŒggĂ©sei a SzalafĆi ĆserdĆ ErdĆrezervĂĄtumban
Environmental drivers of the composition and diversity of the herb layer in mixed temperate forests in Hungary
Herbaceous understory vegetation is an important part of temperate forested ecosystems, the diversity and composition of which are strongly dependent on the conditions of the forest stand and the landscape. The aim of this study was to find the most important environmental drivers influencing understory herb layer species composition (explored with multivariate analysis), and richness and cover (analysed by linear modelling) in managed mixed forests in West Hungary. Our detailed inventory showed that the most important factors increasing the diversity and cover of the understory are light, tree species richness, and landscape diversity. Composition is also mainly influenced by light conditions and tree species richness, with minor effects of tree species composition, soil texture, and moss cover. As the strongest influencing factors are closely linked to stand structure and tree species composition, they can either directly or indirectly be altered by forest management. In the studied region, heterogeneous light conditions and canopy structure, the maintenance of tree species richness and forest continuity are key elements for the conservation of forest herbs. Forestry that maintains continuous forest cover and the tree selection management system can better provide these conditions than the presently widely used shelterwood management system. © 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrech
Az erdĆrezervĂĄtum program Ă©s szerepe a SzalafĆi ĆserdĆ kutatĂĄsĂĄban, aljnövĂ©nyzet Ă©s cserjeszint felmĂ©rĂ©s
Transferts, erreurs et alternance codique : Les caractéristiques de la langue finnoise chez les enfants bilingues français-finnois
Cette Ă©tude vise Ă connaitre les principales caractĂ©ristiques de la langue finnoise chez les enfants bilingues en français et en finnois. Nous nous intĂ©ressons aux transferts et interfĂ©rences, donc lâinfluence quâune langue puisse avoir sur une autre langue. Certaines caractĂ©ristiques peuvent Ă©galement apparaitre sans quâils soient dus Ă lâinfluence inter-langagiĂšre, nous nous pencherons donc aux types dâerreurs, notamment les erreurs de dĂ©veloppement qui sont des erreurs qui font partie de la compĂ©tence transitionnelle dâapprenant de langue, mais ne proviennent pas de sa premiĂšre langue. Nous aborderons la notion dâinterlangue, ce qui est la langue entre deux langues, contenant des transferts et des interfĂ©rences fossilisĂ©s. Le dernier aspect auquel nous nous intĂ©ressons dans lâĂ©tude prĂ©sente est lâalternance codique, donc utilisation dâune langue lors dâautre.
Pour Ă©tudier ces aspects, nous avons enregistrĂ© des productions de sept enfants de 7-9 ans, bilingues en français et finnois. Ces enfants sont des Ă©lĂšves de lâĂ©cole finlandaise de Paris (Pariisin Suomi-koulu). Nous avons crĂ©Ă© une situation dâinteraction qui vise Ă obtenir des productions obtenant des diffĂ©rentes utilisations de la langue finnoise. Pour ce faire, trois images diffĂ©rentes ont Ă©tĂ© montrĂ©es aux enfants. Les enfants en ont parlĂ© et nous avons enregistrĂ© et transcrit ces productions. Nous avons utilisĂ© une grille pour classer, quel type dâĂ©lĂ©ments sont prĂ©sentes dans la parole des enfants.
Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude montrent que la plupart des caractĂ©ristiques « pas natives » sont des erreurs de dĂ©veloppement, notamment dans les cas grammaticaux du finnois. Nous avons Ă©galement pu rĂ©vĂ©ler que les enfants ont essayĂ© dâappliquer lâarticle de la mĂȘme maniĂšre quâen français. Lâinterlangue de ces enfants constituait de ce fait dâajouter des pronoms pas nĂ©cessaires dans la langue finnoise. DerniĂšrement, lâĂ©tude met en Ă©vidence que les enfants nâutilisent quasiment pas dâalternance codique dans ce type de situation de communication
Unfolding the effects of different forestry treatments on microclimate in oak forests: results of a 4-yr experiment
Congruence of the spatial pattern of light and understory vegetation in an old-growth, temperate mixed forest
A BĂĄtorligeti ĆslĂĄp TermĂ©szetvĂ©delmi TerĂŒlet vegetĂĄciĂłja Ă©s annak vĂĄltozĂĄsa az elmĂșlt 15 Ă©v sorĂĄn
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