The potential for histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as cestocidal drugs

Background: Echinococcosis and cysticercosis are neglected tropical diseases caused by cestode parasites (family Taeniidae). Not only there is a small number of approved anthelmintics for the treatment of these cestodiases, but also some of them are not highly effective against larval stages, such that identifying novel drug targets and their associated compounds is critical. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are validated drug targets in cancers and other diseases, and have been gaining relevance for developing new potential anti-parasitic treatments in the last years. Here, we present the anthelmintic profile for a panel of recently developed HDAC inhibitors against the model cestode Mesocestoides vogae (syn. M. corti).Methodology/principal findings: Phenotypic screening was performed on M. vogae by motility measurements and optical microscopic observations. Some HDAC inhibitors showed potent anthelmintic activities; three of them-entinostat, TH65, and TH92 -had pronounced anthelmintic effects, reducing parasite viability by ~100% at concentrations of ≤ 20 μM. These compounds were selected for further characterization and showed anthelmintic effects in the micromolar range and in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, these compounds induced major alterations on the morphology and ultrastructural features of M. vogae. The potencies of these compounds were higher than albendazole and the anthelmintic effects were irreversible. Additionally, we evaluated pairwise drug combinations of these HDAC inhibitors and albendazole. The results suggested a positive interaction in the anthelmintic effect for individual pairs of compounds. Due to the maximum dose approved for entinostat, adjustments in the dose regime and/or combinations with currently-used anthelmintic drugs are needed, and the selectivity of TH65 and TH92 towards parasite targets should be assessed.Conclusion, significance: The results presented here suggest that HDAC inhibitors represent novel and potent drug candidates against cestodes and pave the way to understanding the roles of HDACs in these parasites.Fil: Vaca, Hugo Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Celentano, Ana M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Toscanini, María Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Heimburg, Tino. No especifíca;Fil: Ghazy, Ehab. No especifíca;Fil: Zeyen, Patrik. No especifíca;Fil: Hauser, Alexander Thomas. Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg; AlemaniaFil: Oliveira, Guilherme. Instituto Tecnológico Vale.; BrasilFil: Elissondo, María Celina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente; ArgentinaFil: Jung, Manfred. Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg; AlemaniaFil: Sippl, Wolfgang. No especifíca;Fil: Camicia, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Rosenzvit, Mara Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; Argentin

Struktur-basiertes Design und Synthese von Inhibitoren der schistosomalen Histondesacetylase 8 - neue Ansatzpunkte für die Therapie der Bilharziose

Die Schistosomiasis ist eine der häufigsten humanen parasitären Erkrankungen. Zur Zeit gibt es für diese Erkrankung keinen Impfstoff und Praziquantel, das Mittel der Wahl gegen die Schistosomen, zeigt bereits eine reduzierte Wirksamkeit und Resistenz. Enzyminhibitoren des Epigenoms, welche ursprünglich für die Krebstherapie entwickelt wurden, erwiesen sich als vielversprechend um als neue antiparasitäre Therapeutika zu dienen. In vorherigen Arbeiten wurde berichtet, dass die schistosomale Histondesacetylase 8 (SmHDAC8) eine wichtige Rolle im Lebenszyklus des Parasiten spielt. SmHDAC8 ist eine zinkabhängige Acetyllysindesacetylase und wird am stärksten exprimiert. Die Kombination von Homologie Modell und Röntgenkristallstruktur der SmHDAC8 führte zu Hydroxamsäuren als Inhibitoren. Daraufhin wurden verschiedene 3,4-disubstituierte Benzhydroxamsäuren dargestellt, charakterisiert und hinsichtlich ihrer inhibitorischen Wirkung, sowie Selektivität auf SmHDAC8 untersucht.Schistosomiasis is one of the major human neglected parasitic diseases. At the moment, there is no licensed vaccine available against Schistosomiasis and for Praziquantel, the one drug which is effective against all schistosome species, reduced efficiency and drug resistance are reported. Inhibitors of human epigenetic enzymes developed originally as novel anti-cancer drugs have shown potential as new anti-parasitic agents. In a previous work it was reported that Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8), the most expressed class I HDAC isotype in this organism, is a zinc-dependent acetyl-lysine deacetylase that plays an important role in parasite infectivity. Combination of homology modeling and crystallization of smHDAC8 resulted in hydroxamates as inhibitors. Based on the initial hits several 3,4 disubstituted-benzhydroxamic acids were synthesized, characterized and tested against smHDAC8 and optimized in potency and selectivity.von Tino Heimbur

Histone deacetylase 8 interacts with the GTPase SmRho1 in Schistosoma mansoni

International audienceSchistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (SmHDAC8) has elicited considerable interestas a target for drug discovery. Invalidation of its transcripts by RNAi leads to impaired survivalof the worms in infected mice and its inhibition causes cell apoptosis and death. Todetermine why it is a promising therapeutic target the study of the currently unknown cellularsignaling pathways involving this enzyme is essential. Protein partners of SmHDAC8 werepreviously identified by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) cDNA library screening and by mass spectrometry(MS) analysis. Among these partners we characterized SmRho1, the schistosomeorthologue of human RhoA GTPase, which is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton.In this work, we validated the interaction between SmHDAC8 and SmRho1 and exploredthe role of the lysine deacetylase in cytoskeletal regulation

Design, Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) with Anti-Neuroblastoma Activity

In addition to involvement in epigenetic gene regulation, histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate multiple cellular processes through mediating the activity of non-histone protein substrates. The knockdown of HDAC8 isozyme is associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis enhancement in several cancer cell lines. As shown in several studies, HDAC8 can be considered a potential target in the treatment of cancer forms such as childhood neuroblastoma. The present work describes the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) of HDAC8 based on substituted benzhydroxamic acids previously reported as potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors. Within this study, we investigated the HDAC8-degrading profiles of the synthesized PROTACs and their effect on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. The combination of in vitro screening and cellular testing demonstrated selective HDAC8 PROTACs that show anti-neuroblastoma activity in cells. Keywords: histone deacetylase

Design, synthesis and biological characterization of Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) with anti-neuroblastoma activity

In addition to involvement in epigenetic gene regulation, histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate multiple cellular processes through mediating the activity of non-histone protein substrates. The knockdown of HDAC8 isozyme is associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis enhancement in several cancer cell lines. As shown in several studies, HDAC8 can be considered a potential target in the treatment of cancer forms such as childhood neuroblastoma. The present work describes the development of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) of HDAC8 based on substituted benzhydroxamic acids previously reported as potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors. Within this study, we investigated the HDAC8-degrading profiles of the synthesized PROTACs and their effect on the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. The combination of in vitro screening and cellular testing demonstrated selective HDAC8 PROTACs that show anti-neuroblastoma activity in cells

Characterization of Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) Selective Inhibition Reveals Specific Active Site Structural and Functional Determinants

International audienceMetal-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key epigenetic regulators that represent promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of numerous human diseases. Yet the currently FDA-approved HDAC inhibitors nonspecifically target at least several of the 11 structurally similar but functionally different HDAC isozymes, which hampers their broad usage in clinical settings. Selective inhibitors targeting single HDAC isozymes are being developed, but precise understanding in molecular terms of their selectivity remains sparse. Here, we show that HDAC8-selective inhibitors adopt a L-shaped conformation required for their binding to a HDAC8-specific pocket formed by HDAC8 catalytic tyrosine and HDAC8 L1 and L6 loops. In other HDAC isozymes, a L1–L6 lock sterically prevents L-shaped inhibitor binding. Shielding of the HDAC8-specific pocket by protein engineering decreases potency of HDAC8-selective inhibitors and affects catalytic activity. Collectively, our results unravel key HDAC8 active site structural and functional determinants important for the design of next-generation chemical probes and epigenetic drugs

Discovery of Inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni HDAC8 by Combining Homology Modeling, Virtual Screening, and in Vitro Validation

Schistosomiasis, caused by S. mansoni, is a tropical disease that affects over 200 million people worldwide. A novel approach for targeting eukaryotic parasites is to tackle their dynamic epigenetic machinery that is necessary for the extensive phenotypic changes during their life cycle. We recently identified S. mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) as a potential target for antiparasitic therapy. Here we present results from a virtual screening campaign on smHDAC8. Besides hydroxamates, several sulfonamide-thiazole derivatives were identified by a target-based virtual screening using a homology model of smHDAC8. In vitro testing of 75 compounds identified 8 hydroxamates as potent and lead-like inhibitors of the parasitic HDAC8. Solving of the crystal structure of smHDAC8 with two of the virtual screening hits confirmed the predicted binding mode

Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Novel Inhibitors Targeting HDAC8 from Schistosoma mansoni for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a major neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 265 million people worldwide and for which the control strategy consists of mass treatment with the only available drug, praziquantel. In this study, a series of new benzohydroxamates were prepared as potent inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8). Crystallographic analysis provided insights into the inhibition mode of smHDAC8 activity by these 3-amidobenzohydroxamates. The newly designed inhibitors were evaluated in screens for enzyme inhibitory activity against schistosome and human HDACs. Twenty-seven compounds were found to be active in the nanomolar range, and some of them showed selectivity toward smHDAC8 over the major human HDACs (1 and 6). The active benzohydroxamates were additionally screened for lethality against the schistosome larval stage using a fluorescence-based assay. Four of these showed significant dose-dependent killing of the schistosome larvae and markedly impaired egg laying of adult worm pairs maintained in culture

Structure-Based Design and Biological Characterization of Selective Histone Deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) Inhibitors with Anti-Neuroblastoma Activity

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important modulators of epigenetic gene regulation and additionally control the activity of non-histone protein substrates. While for HDACs 1–3 and 6 many potent selective inhibitors have been obtained, for other subtypes much less is known on selective inhibitors and the consequences of their inhibition. The present report describes the development of substituted benzhydroxamic acids as potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors. Docking studies using available crystal structures have been used for structure-based optimization of this series of compounds. Within this study, we have investigated the role of HDAC8 in the proliferation of cancer cells and optimized hits for potency and selectivity, both in vitro and in cell culture. The combination of structure-based design, synthesis, and in vitro screening to cellular testing resulted in potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors that showed anti-neuroblastoma activity in cellular testing