Prosedur penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah dalam rangka meminimalisir resiko di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang

Permasalah kehidupan perekonomian yang sulit, membuat masyarakat berinisiatif untuk membuka usaha sendiri. Mereka membutuhkan suatu bantuan berupa dana untuk memperlancar usahanya, maka BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang ikut untuk mengembangkan produknya yaitu pembiayaan mudharabah sesuai perkembangan dunia perbankan dalam target peningkatan keuntungan dan menyejahterakan masyarakat. Dengan diberikanya pembiayaan tersebut, terkadang muncul adanya pembiayaan bermasalah dikarenakan ada beberapa faktor diantaranya ketidakmampuan anggota untuk membayar tepat waktu atau jatuh tempo pembayaran diakibatkan karena usaha anggota yang kurang lancar dan lain sebagaianya. Tugas Akhir ini berjudul “ Prosedur Penyelesaian Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Akad Mudharabah Dalam Rangka Meminimalisir Risiko” Berdasarkan judul tersebut dapat diambil rumusan masalah yaitu apa penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah pada BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang dan bagaimana prosedur penyelesaian pembiayaaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dimana sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan sekunder yang diperoleh melalui metode wawancara dengan manajer, bagian pembiayaan dan dokumentasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis dan akurat mengenai objek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyebab terjadinya pembiayaan bermasalah yaitu faktor internal meliputi kurang telitinya petugas BMT dalam menganalisi data calon anggota, kurang disiplinya dalam penagihan dan eksternal meliputi karakter anggota yang kurang baik, usahanya bangkrut dan terjadinya bencana alam yang tidak terduga. Adapun prosesdur yang digunakan BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia dalam menyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah pada akad mudharabah dengan cara kekeluargaan atau musyawarah dengan anggota, penjadwalan kembali (rescheduling), persyaratan kembali (reconditioning), pengambilan jaminan (eksekusi), dan write off final. Di BMT Amanah Usaha Mulia dalam penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah jarang menngunakan jalur hukum, tetapi sering menggunakan cara kekeluargaan yang dianggap lebih efektif dan eksekusi jaminan apabila anggota tersebut sudah mengalami macet atau bermasalah

Substrate-Versatile Approach to Robust Antireflective and Superhydrophobic Coatings with Excellent Self-Cleaning Property in Varied Environments

Robust antireflective and superhydrophobic coatings are highly desired in wide applications, such as optical devices, solar cell panels, architectural and automotive glasses, lab-on chip systems, and windows for electronic devices. Meanwhile, simple, low-cost, and substrate-versatile fabrication is also essential toward real applications of such coatings. Herein, we developed a substrate-versatile strategy to fabricate robust antireflective and superhydrophobic coatings with excellent self-cleaning property in varied environments, including air and oil and after oil contamination. A mixed ethanol suspension, which consists of 1<i>H</i>,1<i>H</i>,2<i>H</i>,2<i>H</i>-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane modified dual-sized silica nanoparticles and acid-catalyzed silica precursor, was first synthesized. The acid-catalyzed silica precursor could help to form a highly cross-linked silica network by connecting the silica nanoparticles, thus significantly enhancing the robustness of coatings. The as-prepared coatings were able to withstand a water drop impact test, sand abrasion test, tape adhesion test, and knife and pencil scratching tests. More importantly, it was also found that the wettability and self-cleaning property of coatings after oil contamination were surprisingly different from those in air and oil. These observations are explainable by the alteration of interface; i.e., the alteration of interface has significant effects on the functional properties of coatings. Additionally, the mixed suspension could be sprayed onto various hard and soft substrates including glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and poly­(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), opening up a feasible route toward varied practical applications in solar cell panels, optical devices, architectural and automotive glasses, droplet manipulators, and fluid control

Inkjet Printing Enabled Controllable Paper Superhydrophobization and Its Applications

Papers’ intrinsic interconnected porous structures and hydrophilic properties usually results in difficulty and complexity in partial functionalization and regulation processes because the capillary effect may lead to the fast diffusion of modifiers from one side to the other. Here, we report a simple and innovative inkjet printing approach that led to precise hydrophobic functionalization controllable in both planar and steric dimensions. Fabrication of Janus superwetting papers and superwettable patterned papers with high precision was achieved by computer-controlled inkjet printing. Elaborate controls of ink quantity enabled superhydrophobic functionalization on one side of the paper substrate, with the opposite side superhydrophilic. Static water contact angles up to 154° were obtained on the inkjet-printed side of the paper, thanks to an appropriate combination of surface chemistry with dual-scale surface roughness. Furthermore, paper-based microfluidics were fabricated and the resolution of which were estimated to be ca. 600 μm. Meanwhile, a paper-based analytical device for colorimetric sensing of Ni­(II) was designed and demonstrated based on superwettable patterned papers by inkjet printing. The inkjet printing approach reported here represents a key step forward in fabricating Janus materials and complicate patterns for practical applications

Novel SiO₂/H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O‑Nanochain Composite with High UV–Visible Photocatalytic Activity for Supertransparent Multifunctional Thin Films

In the current work, a peroxo titanium complex (PTC) solution was used as a novel water-soluble precursor to fabricate H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O and the SiO₂/H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O-nanochain composite at low temperature (90–100 °C). The average width of H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O nanochains is 4.5 ± 1.5 nm. Under full-spectrum irradiation, the Si/Ti-nanochain composite showed good UV–visible light absorption and excellent photocatalytic activity, which is 2.8 times that of P25. In the composite, SiO₂ not only contributes to the formation of nanochains and improves the catalytic performance of H₂Ti₂O₅·H₂O but also reduces the refractive index of the complex. When coated on transparent organic substrates, the composite thin film exhibited excellent antireflective (as high as 99.3% on PC and 98.9% on PMMA) and self-cleaning properties. Pencil hardness, washing, and tape adhesion tests showed favorable adhesion-to-substrate and mechanical robustness of thin films, which make them extremely attractive for applications as highly transparent and self-cleaning thin films on lenses, photovoltaic cells, and windows of high-rise buildings

CuO Nanoparticles-Containing Highly Transparent and Superhydrophobic Coatings with Extremely Low Bacterial Adhesion and Excellent Bactericidal Property

Human health and industrial instruments have been suffering from bacterial colonization on the surface of materials for a long time. Recently, antibacterial coatings are regarded as the new strategy to resist bacterial pathogens. In this work, novel highly transparent and superhydrophobic coatings with extremely low bacterial adhesion and bactericidal performance were prepared by spray-coating hydrophobic silica sol and CuO nanoparticles. The coated glass showed high transmittance in 300–2500 nm with a maximum value of 96.6%. Compared with bare glass, its superhydrophobic characteristics resulted in a reduction in adhesion of bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli) by up to 3.2 log cells/cm². Additionally, the live/dead staining test indicated that the as-prepared coating exhibited excellent bactericidal performance against E. coli. Moreover, the as-prepared coating could maintain their superhydrophobicity after the sand impact test. The proposed method to fabricate such coatings could be applied on various substrates. Therefore, this novel hybrid surface with the abilities to reduce bacterial adhesion and kill attached bacteria make it a promising candidate for biosensors, microfluidics, bio-optical devices, household facilities, lab-on-chips, and touchscreen devices

Hydrogel-Encapsulated Enzyme Facilitates Colorimetric Acute Toxicity Assessment of Heavy Metal Ions

Conventional analysis of heavy metal ions in water requires highly skilled staff and sophisticated equipment. These limitations make conventional approaches difficult to perform analysis on-site without delay. Herein, we report a facile colorimetric sensing system developed for acute toxicity assessment of heavy metal ions. A bioactive enzyme, β-galactosidase, was used as sensing agent rather than bacteria or other higher organisms to improve selectivity and response time. The developed bioassay is capable of assessing the toxicity of heavy metal ions such as Hg­(II), Cd­(II), Pb­(II), and Cu­(II). The effects of enzyme concentration on the assessing performances (i.e., sensitivity and response time) of bioassay were explored and illustrated. Generally, low enzyme concentration facilitates sensitivity enhancement, achieving a 50% inhibiting concentration (IC₅₀) of 0.76 μM (=152 ppb) Hg­(II), and high enzyme concentration ensures quick response, enabling a response time down to 9 min. Moreover, the enzyme and substrate were respectively encapsulated by hydrogel to further simplify the assay procedure and enhance the stability of the enzyme. The hydrogel-encapsulated enzyme worked well even when heated up to 60 °C and retained ca. 90% activity after storage for 5 months. Moreover, the developed toxicity-assessing system is feasible for assessing toxicity of actual water samples. This assay approach is low cost and time effective and has no potential ethic issues. In addition, this work paves the way for the development of toxicity assessment kits for on-site analysis based on functional bioactive molecules

Additional file 3: Figure S2. of PD-1 axis expression in musculoskeletal tumors and antitumor effect of nivolumab in osteosarcoma model of humanized mouse

PD-L1, PD-L2 and PD-1 expressions in osteosarcoma. (DOCX 1426 kb

RANKL, RANK, and OPG protein expression in three NSCLC cell lines.

<p>Western blot analysis was performed to detect RANKL, RANK, and OPG protein levels in PG-BE1, PG-LH7, and PAa cells. Band intensities were normalized to β-actin (<b>A</b>–<b>C</b>). Next, the ratio of RANKL: OPG protein expression was calculated in three NSCLC cell lines (<b>D</b>). Bars represent the mean±the standard error of the mean (SEM) of three different experiments. **<i>p</i><0.05 for PG-BE1 versus PG-LH7. *<i>p</i><0.05 for PG-LH7 versus PAa.</p

Correlations between RANKL, RANK, and OPG expression and clinicopathological parameters in NSCLC patients.

<p>Correlations between RANKL, RANK, and OPG expression and clinicopathological parameters in NSCLC patients.</p

The metastatic potential of PG-BE1, PG-LH7, and PAa cells.

<p>The metastatic potential of three NSCLC cell lines was first determined using an in vitro migration assay (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>). Differential MMP9 expression in three NSCLC cell lines was further analyzed by RT-PCR (<b>C</b>). Results are expressed as the mean±the standard error of the mean (SEM) of three separate experiments. **<i>p</i><0.05 for PG-BE1 versus PG-LH7. *<i>p</i><0.05 for PG-LH7 versus PAa.</p