Cape Canaveral, Florida range reference atmosphere 0-70 km altitude

The RRA contains tabulations for monthly and annual means, standard deviations, skewness coefficients for wind speed, pressure temperature, density, water vapor pressure, virtual temperature, dew-point temperature, and the means and standard deviations for the zonal and meridional wind components and the linear (product moment) correlation coefficient between the wind components. These statistical parameters are tabulated at the station elevation and at 1 km intervals from sea level to 30 km and at 2 km intervals from 30 to 90 km altitude. The wind statistics are given at approximately 10 m above the station elevations and at altitudes with respect to mean sea level thereafter. For those range sites without rocketsonde measurements, the RRAs terminate at 30 km altitude or they are extended, if required, when rocketsonde data from a nearby launch site are available. There are four sets of tables for each of the 12 monthly reference periods and the annual reference period

Disconnection of surface water drainage:a local authority perspective

This paper argues the case for the disconnection of surface water from combined sewer systems drawing on experience gained from the European Interreg IIIB project ‘Urban Water’. Data and examples drawn from Netherlands and Germany are applied in the Local Authority area of Renfrewshire in Scotland. Disconnection is increasingly welcomed by local authorities to meet social, environmental and safety (from flooding) criteria. Unfortunately, traditional, bolt-on or end-of-pipe solutions tend to result in a degraded and piecemeal infrastructure which is expensive and difficult to manage or improve. Further, the limited availability of funding, and the acuteness of flooding problems, means that the more sustainable opportunities provided by watercourses can be readily overlooked. Disconnection of surface water focuses on controlling the water at source thereby providing a rationale for integrated use of land for water storage and other uses.The disconnection options specifically applicable in Renfrewshire are reviewed and examined, drawing on experiences from the European case studies. The paper addresses the evaluation of disconnection options, the means of promoting disconnection and the value of disconnection targets. Results from disconnection programmes are presented, with information on methods, costs and savings. The paper concludes by presenting the disconnection targets used by the various parties involved in the project

It Was My Story to Tell and I Wasn\u27t Ready to Tell It : Stigma Management Amongst LGBTQ+ Sport Officials

The erasure of marginalized people, especially LGBTQ+ people, is commonplace in sport. As sport has become more commercialized, even at grassroots and youth levels), one group that has become even further marginalized and dehumanized are sports officials. Understanding the intersection of marginalized identities is important; as such, this study examined how homophobia and transphobia interplay with the sports officiating profession. Semistructured interviews with 16 self-identified LGBTQ+ referees revealed a series of organizational and social factors that led officials to either pass as non-LGBTQ+ or to come out as LGBTQ+, leading to the development of the LGBTQ+ Referee Identity Management Process Model. Implications for better supporting LGBTQ+ officials to promote higher levels of retention and career satisfaction are presented

Exploring Referee Abuse Through the Lens of the Collegiate Rugby Coach

Referees are valuable contributors to the legitimacy of a sporting contest. Despite this, abuse in sport has become a growing concern and is regularly noted as an obstacle with which referees must contend. Continued abuses have been associated with referee discontinuation and have been noted as a detrimental influence in the recruitment and retention of referees. Sporting organizations, coaches, and players all feel the impact when there is an inadequate supply of referees. Coaches have been noted as a primary perpetrator of referee abuse; thus, in this study, the authors utilize a phenomenological approach to explore perceptions of referee abuse through the lens of the collegiate rugby coach. Data were collected from 15 participants, all of whom completed two phone interviews. Five factors that influence one\u27s perceptions of and proclivity towards referee abuse emerged from the data: (a) personal characteristics/philosophies, (b) relationships, (c) social influences, (d) organizational expectations, and (e) culture. Implications to practice and recommendations for future research are discussed

Probing the magnetic ground state of the molecular Dysprosium triangle

We present zero field muon spin lattice relaxation measurements of a Dysprosium triangle molecular magnet. The local magnetic fields sensed by the implanted muons indicate the coexistence of static and dynamic internal magnetic fields below $T^* ~35$ K. Bulk magnetization and heat capacity measurements show no indication of magnetic ordering below this temperature. We attribute the static fields to the slow relaxation of the magnetization in the ground state of Dy3. The fluctuation time of the dynamic part of the field is estimated to be ~0.55 $\mu$s at low temperaturesComment: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Using a multi-modal strategy to improve patient hand hygiene

Objective The role of healthcare worker hand hygiene in preventing healthcare associated infections (HCAI) is well established. There is less emphasis on the hand hygiene of hospitalised patients; in the context of COVID-19 mechanisms to support it are particularly important. The purpose of this study was to establish if providing patient hand wipes, and a defined protocol for encouraging their use, was effective in improving the frequency of patient hand hygiene (PHH). Design Before and after study Setting General Hospital, United Kingdom. Participants All adult patients admitted to six acute elderly care/rehabilitation hospital wards between July and October 2018. Methods Baseline audit of PHH opportunities conducted over 6 weeks. Focus group with staff and survey of the public informed the development of a PHH bundle. Effect of bundle on PHH monitored by structured observation of HH opportunities over 12 weeks. Results During baseline 303 opportunities for PHH were observed; compliance with PHH was 13.2% (40/303; 95%CI 9.9-7.5). In the evaluation of PHH bundle 526 PHH opportunities were observed with HH occurring in 58.9% (310/526); an increase of 45.7% vs. baseline (95%CI 39.7–51.0%; p<0.001). Conclusion Providing patients with multi-wipe packs of handwipes is a simple, cost-effective approach to increasing patient hand hygiene and reducing the risk of HCAI in hospital. Healthcare workers play an essential role in encouraging PHH

“Fancy a Brew? “: Understanding factors influencing ease of use of cups used in care homes

Background and Aims There are a wide variety of different designs for mugs and cups, but these are primarily driven by visual aesthetics rather than utility. The range of drinking vessels available to the care home sector is limited and not informed by ergonomic considerations that would make them more suitable for the frail elderly to use. Although our previous work has thrown some light on this problem, there is a need to improve our understanding of the ergonomics of drinking and drinking vessels to better inform both the designs available and purchasing decisions of facilities caring for older people. Methods This study was split into two phases, an initial qualitative focus group study and a quantitative ergonomic analysis. Results From the focus group study, two cups were preferred of the five presented. The characteristics shared by these two cups were lightness and large handle. From the ergonomic analysis the general grip observed in this to hold a cup can be classified as a power grip with an adducted thumb. Cups with a relatively low mass (m), a handle orifice area (S) sufficient to allow a minimum of two fingers to pass through comfortably whilst offering the ability to be supported by an adducted thumb and ring finger comfortably are seen to perform best. Further, whilst the handle orifice area should be sufficiently large for the optimal grip to be used it should also minimize the moment on the user's wrist. Computed finger forces show considerable variability across the fingers and across the cups. All the forces calculated from the simulation are relatively low for power grips of the type described earlier. This indicates that the individual finger grip forces are less of an issue for users than the stability needed to control and balance the force in the wrist. Conclusion This study has also shown that there are several critical dimensions for the design of cups for people with reduced strength and dexterity. The mass of the cup (m), the diameter of the cup D, the handle length L, and the orifice area S effecting the critical moment on the wrist and the ability to support this moment through the fingers

Simultaneous Observations of the Chromosphere with TRACE and SUMER

Using mainly the 1600 angstrom continuum channel, and also the 1216 angstrom Lyman-alpha channel (which includes some UV continuum and C IV emission), aboard the TRACE satellite, we observed the complete lifetime of a transient, bright chromospheric loop. Simultaneous observations with the SUMER instrument aboard the SOHO spacecraft revealed interesting material velocities through the Doppler effect existing above the chromospheric loop imaged with TRACE, possibly corresponding to extended non-visible loops, or the base of an X-ray jet.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Solar Physic

Supporting safe swallowing of care home residents with dysphagia: How does care compare with guidance?

Introduction Dysphagia affects up to 70% of nursing home residents, causes significant morbidity and increased hospital admissions. Speech and language therapists (SLT) make recommendations to reduce the risk of aspiration and support safe eating and drinking but have limited capacity to offer ongoing guidance to care home staff. This study aimed to measure the mealtime experience of residents with dysphagia, how this compared with SLT advice and what factors influenced care. Methods The safety of nutrition/hydration care of residents with dysphagia in 2 care homes was observed using a structured tool capturing 12 elements of expected practice. Observed practice was compared to recommendations in SLT/care-plans. Interviews with staff aimed to understand factors that contributed to how dysphagia care was delivered. Results SLT recommendations for 18 residents with dysphagia were predominantly focused on food/fluid modification, other safe swallowing strategies were mentioned less frequently. 66 episodes of mealtime care for 11 residents were observed. Adherence to SLT/care-plan recommendations for food texture, posture and alertness of the resident was observed on 90% of occasions, but on less than 60% of occasions for alternating food and drink, prompting resident during feeding, ensuring swallow completed and throat/mouth clear. Compliance with recommended fluid thickness was 68%; thickening was frequently not aligned to required IDDSI level. Nutrition care was less safe when residents were fed in the dining room when multiple care staff were present. Interviews with 11 care home staff found care-plans were rarely consulted, care needs were communicated verbally during handover, and training was targeted at fluid modification but not at other safer swallowing strategies. Limited knowledge about causes of coughing whilst eating/drinking drove inappropriate SLT referrals. Conclusions A safe swallowing culture that addresses system and workforce issues in care homes would improve the experience of residents with dysphagia and reduce their risk of aspiration