1,175 research outputs found
Zero-shot Domain-sensitive Speech Recognition with Prompt-conditioning Fine-tuning
In this work, we propose a method to create domain-sensitive speech
recognition models that utilize textual domain information by conditioning its
generation on a given text prompt. This is accomplished by fine-tuning a
pre-trained, end-to-end model (Whisper) to learn from demonstrations with
prompt examples. We show that this ability can be generalized to different
domains and even various prompt contexts, with our model gaining a Word Error
Rate (WER) reduction of up to 33% on unseen datasets from various domains, such
as medical conversation, air traffic control communication, and financial
meetings. Considering the limited availability of audio-transcript pair data,
we further extend our method to text-only fine-tuning to achieve domain
sensitivity as well as domain adaptation. We demonstrate that our text-only
fine-tuned model can also attend to various prompt contexts, with the model
reaching the most WER reduction of 29% on the medical conversation dataset.Comment: F-T Liao and Y-C Chan contributed equall
Characterization of magnetic properties of Sr2CuWO6 and Sr2CuMoO6
In this work we examine the low-temperature magnetic properties of the two double-perovskite compounds Sr2CuWO6 and Sr2CuMoO6 using magnetic susceptibility, muon spin rotation and relaxation, and neutron powder diffraction measurements. Additionally, the most relevant spin exchange interaction constants are derived from ab initio electronic structure calculations, aided by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The compounds exhibit quasi-two-dimensional magnetic properties, with broad maxima at Tmax = 83 and 95 K for Sr2CuWO6 and Sr2CuMoO6, respectively. However, three-dimensional long-range order takes place below TN = 24(1) and 28(2) K for Sr2CuWO6 and Sr2CuMoO6, respectively. Our results show that the low-dimensional magnetic correlations are mainly due to the significant next-nearest-neighbor interactions in the ab plane of the double-perovskite structure, whereas three-dimensional long-range magnetic order is caused by weaker next-nearest-neighbor interactions along the c axis. Next-nearest-neighbor interactions are also slightly frustrated by weaker nearest-neighbor interactions within the ab plane. Based on these results we predict the low-temperature magnetic structure in these compounds to be type-II antiferromagnetic order of the double-perovskite lattice.Peer reviewe
Growth mechanism and magnon excitation in NiO nanowalls
The nanosized effects of short-range multimagnon excitation behavior and short-circuit diffusion in NiO nanowalls synthesized using the Ni grid thermal treatment method were observed. The energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping technique was used to characterize the growth mechanism, and confocal Raman scattering was used to probe the antiferromagnetic exchange energy J2 between next-nearest-neighboring Ni ions in NiO nanowalls at various growth temperatures below the Neel temperature. This study shows that short spin correlation leads to an exponential dependence of the growth temperatures and the existence of nickel vacancies during the magnon excitation. Four-magnon configurations were determined from the scattering factor, revealing a lowest state and monotonic change with the growth temperature
Incidence of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Hospitalized Chinese Medical Patients and the Impact of DVT Prophylaxis
Objective. To evaluate the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in hospitalized Chinese medical patients and the impact of DVT prophylaxis. Methods. All cases of confirmed proximal DVT from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively to determine the presence of risk factors and whether DVT developed: during hospitalization in medical wards or in case of readmission with a diagnosis of DVT within 14 days of discharge from a recent admission to medical wards. The impact of prophylaxis will be estimated by comparing the annual incidence of proximal DVT among medical patients hospitalized from 2005 to 2007 with that of 2008 (DVT prophylaxis commonly used). Results. From 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2008, 3938 Doppler ultrasound studies were performed for suspected DVT. Proximal DVT was diagnosed in 687 patients. The calculated incidence of proximal DVT among medical patients hospitalized for at least two days was 1.8%, 2%, and 1.7% for the year 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. The incidence was 1.1% for 2008 (P < .001). Conclusion. Proximal DVT was substantial in Chinese medical patients, and DVT prophylaxis might reduce such risk
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy v. group psychoeducation for people with generalised anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial
Background:
Research suggests that an 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) course may be effective for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).
Aims:
To compare changes in anxiety levels among participants with GAD randomly assigned to MBCT, cognitive–behavioural therapy-based psychoeducation and usual care.
Method:
In total, 182 participants with GAD were recruited (trial registration number: CUHK_CCT00267) and assigned to the three groups and followed for 5 months after baseline assessment with the two intervention groups followed for an additional 6 months. Primary outcomes were anxiety and worry levels.
Results:
Linear mixed models demonstrated significant group × time interaction (F(4,148) = 5.10, P = 0.001) effects for decreased anxiety for both the intervention groups relative to usual care. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for worry and depressive symptoms and mental health-related quality of life for the psychoeducation group only.
Conclusions:
These results suggest that both of the interventions appear to be superior to usual care for the reduction of anxiety symptoms
Heteroatoms Induce Localization of the Electric Field and Promote a Wide Potential-Window Selectivity Towards CO in the CO2 Electroreduction
Carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2RR) is a sustainable way of producing carbon-neutral fuels. Product selectivity in CO2RR is regulated by the adsorption energy of reaction-intermediates. Here, we employ differential phase contrast-scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC-STEM) to demonstrate that Sn heteroatoms on a Ag catalyst generate very strong and atomically localized electric fields. In situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) results verified that the localized electric field enhances the adsorption of *COOH, thus favoring the production of CO during CO2RR. The Ag/Sn catalyst exhibits an approximately 100 % CO selectivity at a very wide range of potentials (from -0.5 to -1.1 V, versus reversible hydrogen electrode), and with a remarkably high energy efficiency (EE) of 76.1 %
Novel quantum spin liquid ground state in the trimer rhodate BaNbRhO
Frustrated magnets offer a plethora of exotic magnetic ground states,
including quantum spin liquids (QSLs), in which enhanced quantum fluctuations
prevent a long-range magnetic ordering of the strongly correlated spins down to
lowest temperature. Here we have investigated the trimer based mixed valence
hexagonal rhodate BaNbRhO using a combination of dc and ac
magnetization, electrical resistivity, specific heat, and muon spin
rotation/relaxation (SR) measurements. Despite the substantial
antiferromagnetic exchange interactions, as evident from the Weiss temperature
( to -45 K), among the Rh-local moments, neither
long-range magnetic ordering nor spin-freezing is observed down to at least 50
mK, in ac-susceptibility, specific heat and ZF-SR measurements (down to
0.26 K). We ascribe the absence of any magnetic transition to enhanced quantum
fluctuations as a result of geometrical frustration arising out of the
edge-sharing equilateral Rh-triangular network in the structure. Our
longitudinal-field SR result evidences persistent spin fluctuations down
to 0.26~K, thus stabilizing a dynamic QSL ground state in
BaNbRhO. Furthermore, the magnetic specific heat
() data at low- reveal a significant -linear contribution
plus a quadratic -dependence. A -linear behavior is evocative of gapless
spin excitations, while the -term of may indicate the
Dirac QSL phenomenology of the spinon excitations with a linear dispersion.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure
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