Dissecting the Dynamics of HIV-1 Protein Sequence Diversity

10.1371/journal.pone.0059994PLoS ONE84

Improving manual oxygen titration in preterm infants by training and guideline implementation

To study oxygen saturation (SpO2) targeting before and after training and guideline implementation of manual oxygen titration, two cohorts of preterm infants 21%. ABCs where oxygen therapy was given were identified and analyzed. After training and guideline implementation the %SpO2-wtr increased (median interquartile range (IQR)) 48.0 (19.6-63.9) % vs 61.9 (48.5-72.3) %; p 95% (44.0 (27.8-66.2) % vs 30.8 (22.6-44.5) %; p 95% did not decrease (73% vs 64%; ns) but lasted shorter (2 (0-7) vs 1 (1-3) minute; p < 0.004). CONCLUSION: Training and guideline implementation in manual oxygen titration improved SpO2 targeting in preterm infants with more time spent within the target range and less frequent hyperoxaemia. The durations of hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia during ABCs were shorter. What is Known: • Oxygen saturation targeting in preterm infants can be challenging and the compliance is low when oxygen is titrated manually. • Hyperoxaemia often occurs after oxygen therapy for oxygen desaturation during apnoeas. What is New: • Training and implementing guidelines improved oxygen saturation targeting and reduced hyperoxaemia. • Training and implementing guidelines improved manual oxygen titration during ABC

Polymorphisms of the ACE2 and CD13 (ANPEP) genes, and susceptibility to SARS coronavirus infection in Chinese from Hong Kong

Poster 159Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), mapped on Xp22, has been recently found to be a receptor for the coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). CD13 (ANPEP), alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase mapped on 15q25-q26, is also a receptor for a number of coronaviruses. We investigated whether genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 and ANPEP might be associated with the susceptibility SARS-CoV infection in Chinese in Hong Kong. DNA extracted from 215 (female:127, male:88) SARS-CoV patients confirmed by either serology or RT-PCR assay, 177 (female:142, male:35) unaffected health care workers (HCW), and 264 (female:174, male:90) unaffected normal controls (NC) were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE2 and ANPEP by the high-throughput Sequenom system. 4/12 and 8/12 SNPs of ACE2 and ANPEP respectively were found to have allele frequency >5% in 90 NC samples. These SNPs were further genotyped in the three populations. All the studied SNPs are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the three populations. As ACE2 is located on sex chromosome, statistical analysis was performed on female and male subgroups. Except for ACE2 SNP rs879922 in female, no significant association was found for the other SNPs tested, both in male and female (p>0.05). The C-allele carriers of SNP rs879922 (dbSNP cluster id) appeared to be associated with lower risk to develop SARS (p=0.004); however, the number of C-allele carriers is too small (6.4% in female, and 2.5% in male in the overall populations) to draw proper conclusions. The G-allele carriers of ANPEP SNP A603G appeared associated with risk (p=0.008). However, allowing for multiple testing, this p value does not yet reach statistical significance. No significant association was found for all the other ANPEP SNPs tested. The presence of other SNPs in the promoters or coding regions of ACE2 and ANPEP are being explored by direct sequencing on the pooled DNA with view to genotyping.HUGO HGM2004 - Human Genome Meeting, Berlin, Germay, 4-7 April 2004, In Poster Abstracts of HUGO HGM2004, p. Poster 15