A Deep Learning Approach to Denoise Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Optic Nerve Head

Purpose: To develop a deep learning approach to de-noise optical coherence tomography (OCT) B-scans of the optic nerve head (ONH). Methods: Volume scans consisting of 97 horizontal B-scans were acquired through the center of the ONH using a commercial OCT device (Spectralis) for both eyes of 20 subjects. For each eye, single-frame (without signal averaging), and multi-frame (75x signal averaging) volume scans were obtained. A custom deep learning network was then designed and trained with 2,328 "clean B-scans" (multi-frame B-scans), and their corresponding "noisy B-scans" (clean B-scans + gaussian noise) to de-noise the single-frame B-scans. The performance of the de-noising algorithm was assessed qualitatively, and quantitatively on 1,552 B-scans using the signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and mean structural similarity index metrics (MSSIM). Results: The proposed algorithm successfully denoised unseen single-frame OCT B-scans. The denoised B-scans were qualitatively similar to their corresponding multi-frame B-scans, with enhanced visibility of the ONH tissues. The mean SNR increased from $4.02 \pm 0.68$ dB (single-frame) to $8.14 \pm 1.03$ dB (denoised). For all the ONH tissues, the mean CNR increased from $3.50 \pm 0.56$ (single-frame) to $7.63 \pm 1.81$ (denoised). The MSSIM increased from $0.13 \pm 0.02$ (single frame) to $0.65 \pm 0.03$ (denoised) when compared with the corresponding multi-frame B-scans. Conclusions: Our deep learning algorithm can denoise a single-frame OCT B-scan of the ONH in under 20 ms, thus offering a framework to obtain superior quality OCT B-scans with reduced scanning times and minimal patient discomfort

De-constructing terracotta female figurines: A chalcolithic case-study

We report the results of detailed imaging studies of the inner structure of a terracotta female figurine dated to the 6th millennium BC, most probably from the Lakes region of Turkey, now kept at the Nati- onal Museum of Oriental Art \u201cGiuseppe Tucci\u201d, Rome. The figurine was investigated with advanced CT scanning, recording 966 transversal sections. Each section was stratigraphically interpreted and digitized, reconstructing in three dimensions the form and mode of application of each lump or slab under the potter\u2019s fingers. A review of the available information on the techniques of construction of prehistoric terracotta figurines in Eurasia reveals at least two diverging technical templates, here named core and dual forming processes. The structure of the investigated figurine and its operational sequence reveals a version of the dual technical template, confirming the presence and influence, at a cognitive level, of organic analogies and a possible map of the female body in the modelling process

Numerical simulation of steady and unsteady asymmetric vortical flow

The unsteady, compressible, thin-layer, Navier-Stokes (NS) equations are solved to simulate steady and unsteady, asymmetric, vortical laminar flow around cones at high incidences and supersonic Mach numbers. The equations are solved by using an implicit, upwind, flux-difference splitting (FDS), finite-volume scheme. The locally conical flow assumption is used and the solutions are obtained by forcing the conserved components of the flowfield vector to be equal at two axial stations located at 0.95 and 1.0. Computational examples cover steady and unsteady asymmetric flows around a circular cone and its control using side strakes. The unsteady asymmetric flow solution around the circular cone has also been validated using the upwind, flux-vector splitting (FVS) scheme with the thin-layer NS equations and the upwind FDS with the full NS equations. The results are in excellent agreement with each other. Unsteady asymmetric flows are also presented for elliptic- and diamond-section cones, which model asymmetric vortex shedding around round- and sharp-edged delta winds

Vortices in Superfluid Fermi Gases through the BEC to BCS Crossover

We have analyzed a single vortex at T=0 in a 3D superfluid atomic Fermi gas across a Feshbach resonance. On the BCS side, the order parameter varies on two scales: $k_{F}^{-1}$ and the coherence length $\xi$, while only variation on the scale of $\xi$ is seen away from the BCS limit. The circulating current has a peak value $j_{max}$ which is a non-monotonic function of $1/k_F a_s$ implying a maximum critical velocity $\sim v_F$ at unitarity. The number of fermionic bound states in the core decreases as we move from the BCS to BEC regime. Remarkably, a bound state branch persists even on the BEC side reflecting the composite nature of bosonic molecules.Comment: 4 Pages, 4 Figure

Recent advances in numerical simulation and control of asymmetric flows around slender bodies

The problems of asymmetric flow around slender bodies and its control are formulated using the unsteady, compressible, thin-layer or full Navier-Stokes equations which are solved using an implicit, flux-difference splitting, finite-volume scheme. The problem is numerically simulated for both locally-conical and three-dimensional flows. The numerical applications include studies of the effects of relative incidence, Mach number and Reynolds number on the flow asymmetry. For the control of flow asymmetry, the numerical simulation cover passive and active control methods. For the passive control, the effectiveness of vertical fins placed in the leeward plane of geometric symmetry and side strakes with different orientations is studied. For the active control, the effectiveness of normal and tangential flow injection and surface heating and a combination of these methods is studied

Peranan Anggaran Produksi sebagai Alat Bantu Manajemen dalam Menunjang Efektifitas Produksi

PT. Timbul Jaya is a rice milling company that produces rice, which in the production process required costs endured by the company. Production budgets are made to control these costs, which originated from the budget-making sales to BBB budget, BTKL budget, and BOP budget. By comparing the budget with the realization, management can know when a deviation occurs and whether the deviation is harmful or beneficial to the company. The company set a tolerance limit of 5% deviation.Making the production budget is useful for management as a tool in supporting the cost effectiveness of production. Production costs can be said to be effective, if there is a favorable difference of the cost of the actual standard. In 2009 raw materials cannot be said to be effective, because there are differences that are unfavorable, due to price differences that are controlled by the market price. Difference BTKL unfavorable because of the large total production depending on market demand. Favorable differentiation of BOP in 2008 and 2009 reflected that the BOP has been effective and can be controlled by the company.Overall, the company experienced a favorable difference in production costs so it can be said effectively, but the company needs to pay more attention to the price of raw materials and direct labor costs that have not been restrained because of unprofitable differentiation

Jumble Java Byte Code to Measure the Effectiveness of Unit Tests

Jumble is a byte code level mutation testing tool for Java which inter-operates with JUnit. It has been designed to operate in an industrial setting with large projects. Heuristics have been included to speed the checking of mutations, for example, noting which test fails for each mutation and running this first in subsequent mutation checks. Significant effort has been put into ensuring that it can test code which uses custom class loading and reflection. This requires careful attention to class path handling and coexistence with foreign class-loaders. Jumble is currently used on a continuous basis within an agile programming environment with approximately 370,000 lines of Java code under source control. This checks out project code every fifteen minutes and runs an incremental set of unit tests and mutation tests for modified classes. Jumble is being made available as open source

Implementation of Surveilance System and Evaluation of Malaria Program at Department of Health in Indragiri Hulu Regency Health Office of Indragiri Hulu District, 2008-2010

Malaria occurences in Indragiri Hulu Regency (INHU) are increasing each year. The increasing of malaria cases may be caused by the weakness of malaria surveillance system in all levels. The aims of this reasearch are determining the implementation of the malaria surveillance system and evaluating malaria program in Department of Health in District INHU from 2008 until 2010. The research was quantitative descriptive designed as a case study conducted by interviewing and document searching Quantitave descriptive as case study was designed to investigate the implementation of malaria surveillance system and to evaluate malaria program in Health Office of INHU District 2008-2010. Data obtained from interview and documents review.. The research subjects were official engaged in malaria surveillance system who were chosen by non random technique using purposive sampling. The result of this study shows This study showed that the implementation of malaria surveillance system was generally considered less. Most of Malaria's patients in the years 2008-2010 at Indragiri Hulu more was in males is 55.3%, with the largest mostly in the age group 15-54 years is (50.7%), and 76.1 % the most in Kulim Jaya subdistrict. is 76.1 ‰ In generally, malaria case occured at September. Most commonly the case in September. This study suggests improvement of malaria surveillance activities and malaria program implementation, human reasources and budget from health office of INHU District. Department of Health in District INHU is expected to improve malaria surveillance activities and malaria program implementation, improve the quality and quantity of human resources and budget more funds for this activities