Measurement-Device-Independent Approach to Entanglement Measures

Within the context of semiquantum nonlocal games, the trust can be removed from the measurement devices in an entanglement-detection procedure. Here we show that a similar approach can be taken to quantify the amount of entanglement. To be specific, first, we show that in this context a small subset of semiquantum nonlocal games is necessary and sufficient for entanglement detection in the LOCC paradigm. Second, we prove that the maximum pay-off for these games is a universal measure of entanglement which is convex and continuous. Third, we show that for the quantification of negative-partial-transpose entanglement, this subset can be further reduced down to a single arbitrary element. Importantly, our measure is operationally accessible in a measurement-device-independent way by construction. Finally, our approach is simply extended to quantify the entanglement within any partitioning of multipartite quantum states.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, the main result is split into two theorems with slight modifications, extended proof

Passive fetal monitoring sensor

An ambulatory, passive sensor for use in a fetal monitoring system is discussed. The invention is comprised of a piezoelectric polymer film, combined with a metallic mounting plate fastened to a belt, and electrically connected to a signal processing unit by means of a shielded cable. The purpose of the sensor is to receive pressure pulses emitted by a fetus inside an expectant mother. Additionally, the monitor will filter out pressure pulses arising from other sources, such as the maternal heart

Impacts of rehabilitating degraded lands on soil health, pastures, runoff, erosion, nutrient and sediment movement. Part III: Economic analysis of rehabilitation techniques in the Burdekin River catchment to improve water quality flowing from grazing lands onto the Great Barrier Reef.

Poor grazing land condition reduces the productivity of grazing enterprises and has been linked to increased sediment loads entering the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. There are several methods for rehabilitating degraded lands with varying levels of investment. The subsequent environmental and economic outcomes have previously been largely unquantified. This document assesses the potential economic impact of the rehabilitation treatments in the Burdekin Catchment for the project RRRD.024 – ‘Quantifying the impacts of rehabilitating degraded lands on soil health, pastures, runoff, erosion, nutrient and sediment movement’. Three mechanical intervention treatments and a control (no treatment) were evaluated on loamy alluvial soils at Spyglass Research Facility. These were: deep ripping, chisel ploughing and crocodile seeding. All treatments were seeded. Treatments varied in cost on a per hectare basis with deep ripping requiring $260.85 ha-1, chisel ploughing$210.85 ha-1, and crocodile seeding was least cost requiring $150.85 ha-1. Treatments also varied in benefits, particularly pasture yield and subsequent potential carrying capacity. From highest to lowest the potential average carrying capacity was deep ripping, chisel ploughing and crocodile seeding, with 25.3 AE 100 ha-1, 20.5 AE 100 ha-1 and 13.4 AE 100 ha-1, respectively. The control averaged 7.9 AE 100 ha-1. Despite apparent differences in costs and subsequent benefits, each treatment returned very similar economic results, particularly as measured by the internal rate of return. The internal rate of return (IRR) of chisel ploughing was highest (4.55%), followed by crocodile seeding (4.37%) and lastly, deep ripping (4.36%). This suggests that while spending more money and performing higher intervention might increase productivity the most, it does not necessary return more on a dollar for dollar basis. Despite positive IRRs, none of the treatments returned a positive net present value at the default parameters, suggesting funds could be better used elsewhere. It is recommended that producers investigate their eligibility for funding programs (such as Catchment organisations or Land Care) which assists with upfront costs of rehabilitation of degraded lands. This will allow producers to reduce losses and provide public benefits in the form of reduced sediment and nutrient runoff

Diurnal cycle of tropical deep convection examined using high space and time resolution satellite data

September 1997.Includes bibliographical references.Infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) satellite data from GMS-4 with 5-km spatial and 1-hr temporal resolution was used to examine the diurnal cycle of deep convection over a sector of the tropical west Pacific warm pool (WP) bounded by 140°-180°E, 0°-20°N. Data were analyzed for 45 days of summer from 22 June 1994 - 5 August 1994 (JJA) and for 65 days of winter between 28 November 1994 – 31 January 1995 (NDJ). The synoptic backdrop for JJA was characterized by the monsoon trough, oriented northwest to southeast through the WP. Convection was largely focused along the trough. During NDJ, convection was concentrated within 5° latitude of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) which was oriented east to west near the equator. December 1994 was characterized by an active phase of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) while January 1995 coincided with an inactive phase. Deep convective cloud was identified in IR imagery using brightness temperature (TBB) threshold techniques. Cloud forms associated with deep convection showed two distinct diurnal modes representing deep convection (TBB ≤ -60°C) and stratiform cirrus (-52°C ≤ TBB ≤ -23°C). Clouds with TBB warmer than -60°C and colder than -53°C comprised a mixed deep convection and cirrus anvil regime from the satellite's perspective with a diurnal cycle reflecting both modes of variability. The diurnal variation of cloud in these regimes was consistent for all time periods and for two tropical storms which occurred in the WP during December 1994. Based on these results and on previous studies, a -65°C cloud-top TBB threshold was chosen to isolate pixels containing active, deep convection. Spectral analysis of time series constructed from hourly cold cloud (≤ -65°C) pixel counts revealed a powerful diurnal cycle of deep convection significant at the 95% confidence level during JJA and NDJ. Composited hourly statistics of fractional areal cloud cover documented a 0500-0600 LST maximum with a 1500-1900 LST minimum of convection for both seasons. The ratio of maximum to minimum areal cold cloud coverage was greater than 2: I. A significant bi-diurnal cycle was evident in both JJA and January 1995. The bi-diurnal peak was strongest in the near-equatorial region during JJA. No semi-diurnal (spectral) peak occurred during either season. This suggests that semi-diurnal atmospheric tides do not strongly influence convection in the WP. Three objective analysis techniques were developed to analyze the relation of tropical cloud cluster structure to the daily spatial and temporal variation of deep convection. The first technique identified cold cloud intervals, called line clusters, in each image. These line clusters represented a characteristic horizontal dimension for cloud clusters of various sizes. Results showed that the diurnal cycle of convective rainfall with an early morning maximum was disproportionately dominated by the largest ~ 10% of clusters for each time period. While the number of large clusters increased only slightly throughout nocturnal hours, the area of cold cloud associated with these systems expanded dramatically. An algorithm called threshold initiation showed that all scales of organized, intensifying deep convection existed at all times of day and night. In addition, the early morning peak was composed primarily of building convection. Conditional recurrence probabilities of line clusters were computed at 24 and 48 hour intervals. Results for JJA and December 1994 revealed that when early morning convection occurred at any location, the same region contained convection the next morning nearly half the time. Convection was less likely at the 48 hour point. These results do not support diurnal theories based on sea surface heating, afternoon initiation of convection and nocturnal evolution of mesoscale convective systems. Findings indicate that the diurnal cycle of deep convective cloud is driven by the internal variation of large clusters. Clusters that exist into or form during the night, grow spatially larger and more intense. Some results support direct radiative forcing of clouds and large scale clear region radiative destabalization as possible contributors to diurnal convective variability. However, all findings are consistent with the work of Gray and colleagues that emphasizes the role of day-night variations in net tropospheric cooling in clear and longwave cooling in cloudy versus clear regions as an explanation of the observed daily variation of tropical convective rainfall.Research supported under the Center for Geosciences, Phase II at CIRA/CSU by DoD grant no. DAAH04-94-G-0420

Beam-Target Double-Spin Asymmetry A(LT) in Charged Pion Production from Deep Inelastic Scattering on a Transversely Polarized (3)He Target at 1.4

We report the first measurement of the double-spin asymmetry ALT for charged pion electroproduction in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic electron scattering on a transversely polarized 3He target. The kinematics focused on the valence quark region, 0.1622. The corresponding neutron ALT asymmetries were extracted from the measured 3He asymmetries and proton over 3He cross section ratios using the effective polarization approximation. These new data probe the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution function g1Tq and therefore provide access to quark spin-orbit correlations. Our results indicate a positive azimuthal asymmetry for π- production on 3He and the neutron, while our π+ asymmetries are consistent with zero

Assessment of Abilities of White-Tailed Deer to Jump Fences

There is a need for insight into fence heights required for impeding white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We evaluated the ability of wild-caught deer to jump progressively taller fences and documented deterrence rates of 0% for fences ≤1.5 m followed by increasing deterrence rates of 14% at 1.8 m, 85% at 2.1 m, and 100% at 2.4 m. We documented 100% deterrence rates during 5 additional experiments with different deer and the test fence at 2.4 m, a common height of fences at captive deer facilities. Our results will be valuable to those managing spread of wildlife diseases, deer–vehicle collisions, and agricultural damage

Comparison of Water Quality Program Efforts for Non-Governmental Organizations Within Northern Gulf of Mexico Watersheds

Non-governmental organizations concerned with water quality issues within the Northern Gulf of Mexico were surveyed to compare their program differences. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of water quality programs and priority program emphasis for non-governmental organizations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. The study utilized a methodology that identified the program elements of four different watersheds in four southeastern states. The results demonstrate that evaluating non-governmental program efforts in a region reveals targeted priorities that may help to define future program needs

Impacts of rehabilitating degraded lands on soil health, pastures, runoff, erosion, nutrient and sediment movement. Part IV: The Kimberley rehabilitation programs and lessons for the Great Barrier Reef catchments

There were extensive areas of bare, eroded and scalded soils and clay pans, all D-condition land, on the properties of Ord, Turner, Fox Rivers and parts of Flora Valley, Elvire, and Ruby Stations in the Ord River catchment covering some 46,700 km2. Some of these properties were eventually resumed and amalgamated by the Government as the Ord River Regeneration Reserve (ORRR). The aim was to reduce sedimentation of Lake Argyle on the Ord River, which was built for irrigation of down-stream flood plain areas from Kununurra. Government ownership allowed full control for new fencing, artificial water points and cattle management, so all grazing was prevented, with the removal of cattle, donkeys, and camels. On-ground mechanical disturbance and seeding with predominantly Cenchrus spp. and Aerva javanica, began in the early 1960s to revegetate these eroded plains. Artificial water sources were closed to reduce potential grazing influences, although there are water holes present in major rivers, most of the area has no grazing to the present. Marsupials are confined to a limited distance from natural water holes in creeks and rivers. The ORRR is now rehabilitated by Cenchrus species pastures, with C. setiger being a dominant grass, and it is managed by the WA Department of Parks and Wildlife. The original native pasture species have not become dominant at this time. Any feral animal grazing and cattle incursions from neighbours are managed and animals may be shot. The undulating to flat, D-condition country was successfully rehabilitated over some four decades by aggressive mechanical disturbance, sowing well adapted tropical exotic pasture grass and forb species, total grazing control, and a run of consecutive above average rainfall seasons. There are similar issues and many lessons from this rehabilitation program that are relevant for rehabilitating degraded landscapes in the grazing lands of reef catchments in Queensland

Impacts of rehabilitating degraded lands on soil health, pastures, runoff, erosion, nutrient and sediment movement. Part III: Economic analysis of rehabilitation techniques in the Burdekin River catchment to improve water quality flowing from grazing lands onto the Great Barrier Reef.

Poor grazing land condition reduces the productivity of grazing enterprises and has been linked to increased sediment loads entering the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. There are several methods for rehabilitating degraded lands with varying levels of investment. The subsequent environmental and economic outcomes have previously been largely unquantified. This document assesses the potential economic impact of the rehabilitation treatments in the Burdekin Catchment for the project RRRD.024 – ‘Quantifying the impacts of rehabilitating degraded lands on soil health, pastures, runoff, erosion, nutrient and sediment movement’. Three mechanical intervention treatments and a control (no treatment) were evaluated on loamy alluvial soils at Spyglass Research Facility. These were: deep ripping, chisel ploughing and crocodile seeding. All treatments were seeded. Treatments varied in cost on a per hectare basis with deep ripping requiring $260.85 ha-1, chisel ploughing$210.85 ha-1, and crocodile seeding was least cost requiring $150.85 ha-1. Treatments also varied in benefits, particularly pasture yield and subsequent potential carrying capacity. From highest to lowest the potential average carrying capacity was deep ripping, chisel ploughing and crocodile seeding, with 25.3 AE 100 ha-1, 20.5 AE 100 ha-1 and 13.4 AE 100 ha-1, respectively. The control averaged 7.9 AE 100 ha-1. Despite apparent differences in costs and subsequent benefits, each treatment returned very similar economic results, particularly as measured by the internal rate of return. The internal rate of return (IRR) of chisel ploughing was highest (4.55%), followed by crocodile seeding (4.37%) and lastly, deep ripping (4.36%). This suggests that while spending more money and performing higher intervention might increase productivity the most, it does not necessary return more on a dollar for dollar basis. Despite positive IRRs, none of the treatments returned a positive net present value at the default parameters, suggesting funds could be better used elsewhere. It is recommended that producers investigate their eligibility for funding programs (such as Catchment organisations or Land Care) which assists with upfront costs of rehabilitation of degraded lands. This will allow producers to reduce losses and provide public benefits in the form of reduced sediment and nutrient runoff