Cracaterização e riqueza etnobotânica da família Arecaceae para o Sudoeste Maranhense / Cracaterization and ethnobotanical wealth of the Arecaceae family for the Southwest Maranhense

Este trabalho objetiva caracterizar a comunidade de palmeiras nativas nos municípios da região sudoeste maranhense e também descrever o potencial de utilização das espécies nesses municípios, com vistas à conservação desse grupo de plantas. Foram percorridas as principais fitofisionomias presentes cada um dos municípios e registradas as espécies presentes e o potencial de utilização dessas espécies pela comunidade (alimentação, construção, uso medicinal e artesanato e utensílios domésticos. A comunidade de palmeiras na região pesquisada está representada por 17 espécies nativas, distribuídas em dez gêneros, sendo os mais representativos Attalea, com quatro espécies, e Syagrus e Astrocaryum, com três espécies cada uma. A maior parte das espécies apresentou hábito arbóreo, com alturas acima de 7 metros (64,7%), seguidas das espécies com caule subterrâneo (23,6%). Nas fisionomias savânicas e áreas abertas, as espécies com caules subterrâneos parecem predominar, e nas áreas com fisionomias florestais o hábito arbóreo é mais frequente. Na região sudoeste maranhense, onde o trabalho foi realizado, pode-se inferir que os gêneros Attalea, Mauritia, Euterpe e Oenocarpus são os que mais a comunidade conhece e utiliza tanto na alimentação quanto para outros usos.  Dessa forma, a diversidade de espécies de palmeiras no bioma cerrado encontra-se subamostrada, com a maior parte dos levantamentos de vegetação não considerando esse componente. Assim, as estimativas de riqueza e diversidade podem ser inferiores à realidade desse extenso bioma no Brasil, uma vez que muitas localidades sequer foram amostradas devidamente. Com isso pode-se dizer que as palmeiras nativas representam um recurso vegetal imprescindível para a manutenção da qualidade de vida e dos diferentes costumes associados a esse grupo de plantas. A avaliação das espécies potenciais deve ser analisada em um contexto etnobiológico, buscando-se manter esse importante conhecimento tradicional, que está sendo perdido, para as gerações futuras

(Re)significando o filho prematuro por meio da musicoterapia / (Re)signifying the premature child through music therapy

Objetivo: Apreender as representações dos pais sobre o significado do filho prematuro por meio da intervenção musical. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial teórico das Representações Sociais, realizado com cinco pais de recém-nascidos prematuros hospitalizados em unidade de terapia intensiva que tiveram a oportunidade de realizar intervenções musicais, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. A coleta de dados ocorreu de junho a julho de 2020, por meio de contato telefônico. Resultados: Dos cinco pais participantes, ocorreu predominância do sexo feminino (80%). A faixa etária variou de 21 a 30 anos. Em relação aos recém-nascidos, três apresentavam idade gestacional de nascimento menor que 28 semanas, um com 31 semanas e outro com 32 semanas e a média de internação foi de 59 dias. Das falas dos pais emergiram quatro ideias centrais: 1) O primeiro contato com o filho prematuro; 2) O primeiro canguru e a música; 3) Só dorme com música e 4) A música e a pandemia: aproximações e distanciamentos. Considerações Finais: Foi possível identificar a música como forma de vínculo, ocasionando benefícios não apenas para o recém-nascido prematuro, mas para seus pais. Possibilitando momentos agradáveis e que foram mantidos após a alta dos filhos por seus pais. 

Caracterização dos idosos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva por doença respiratória aguda / Characterization of elderly people in a unit of intensive therapy for acute respiratory disease

Introdução: Mais da metade das admissões em unidades de terapia intensiva é de indivíduos com 65 anos ou mais. Uma das principais etiologias de hospitalização e de mortalidade entre as pessoas acima dos 60 anos são as infecções do trato respiratório e suas complicações. Objetivo: Traçar o perfil clínico, sociodemográfico de idosos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva por doença respiratória aguda (DRA) num Hospital Regional do Sertão da Paraíba. Métodos: Estudo de campo descritivo, documental e retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Regional do Sertão da Paraíba. Foram analisados 24 prontuários de pacientes admitidos no período de janeiro de 2018 a Janeiro de 2019, a partir de fichas de avaliação de prontuário. Adotou-se uma amostra não probabilística intencional baseada nos critérios de inclusão: pacientes idosos acima de 60 anos atendidos no período de janeiro de 2018 a Janeiro de 2019 com diagnóstico de doença respiratória aguda. Resultados: Constatou-se que o perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos internados UTI por (DRA) HRSP foi de pacientes com idade média de 70,52 anos, do sexo masculino, casados, de raça parda, que não informaram as suas profissões, que ficaram internados em média por 10,041 dias na UTI, que tiveram como principal diagnóstico pneumonia e que apresentaram como desfecho em 75% dos casos o óbito. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o índice de mortalidade encontrado nesse grupo é mais alto que o encontrado em outros estudos

Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children : a 12-country study

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: -6.3 min/d; girls: -5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low-and middle-income countries

Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study

Background: The Canadian 24-h movement guidelines were developed with the hope of improving health and future health outcomes in children and youth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to the 3 recommendations most strongly associated with health outcomes in new 24-h movement guidelines and their relationship with adiposity (obesity and body mass index z-score) across countries participating in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). Methods: Cross-sectional results were based on 6128 children aged 9-11years from the 12 countries of ISCOLE. Sleep duration and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using accelerometry. Screen time was measured through self-report. Body weight and height were measured. Body mass index (BMI, kgm2) was calculated, and BMI z-scores were computed using age- and sex-specific reference data from the World Health Organization. Obesity was defined as a BMI z-score>+2 SD. Meeting the overall 24-h movement guidelines was defined as: 9 to 11h/night of sleep, ≤2h/day of screen time, and at least 60min/day of MVPA. Age, sex, highest parental education and unhealthy diet pattern score were included as covariates in statistical models. Associations between meeting vs. not meeting each single recommendation (and combinations) with obesity were assessed with odds ratios calculated using generalized linear mixed models. A linear mixed model was used to examine the differences in BMI z-scores between children meeting vs. not meeting the different combinations of recommendations. Results: The global prevalence of children meeting the overall recommendations (all three behaviors) was 7%, with children from Australia and Canada showing the highest adherence (15%). Children meeting the three recommendations had lower odds ratios for obesity compared to those meeting none of the recommendations (OR=0.28, 95% CI 0.18-0.45). Compared to not meeting the 24-h movement recommendations either independently or combined, meeting them was significantly associated with a lower BMI z-score. Whenever the MVPA recommendation was included in the analysis the odds ratios for obesity were lower. Conclusions: For ISCOLE participants meeting these 3 healthy movement recommendations the odds ratios of being obese or having high BMI z-scores were lower. However, only a small percentage of children met all recommendations. Future efforts should aim to find promising ways to increase daily physical activity, reduce screen time, and ensure an adequate night's sleep in children. Trial registration: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT01722500) (October 29, 2012)

Sleep characteristics and health-related quality of life in 9- to 11-year-old children from 12 countries

Introduction: Previous studies have linked short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and late sleep timing with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. However, almost all studies relied solely on self-reported sleep information, and most studies were conducted in high-income countries. To address these gaps, we studied both device-measured and self-reported sleep characteristics in relation to HRQoL in a sample of children from 12 countries that vary widely in terms of economic and human development. Methods: The study sample included 6,626 children aged 9-11 years from Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Waist-worn actigraphy was used to measure total sleep time, bedtime, wake-up time, and sleep efficiency on both weekdays and weekends. Children also reported ratings of sleep quantity and quality. HRQoL was measured by the KIDSCREEN-10 survey. Multilevel regression models were used to determine the relationships between sleep characteristics and HRQoL. Results: Results showed considerable variation in sleep characteristics, particularly duration and timing, across study sites. Overall, we found no association between device-measured total sleep time, sleep timing or sleep efficiency, and HRQoL. In contrast, self-reported ratings of poor sleep quantity and quality were associated with HRQoL. Conclusions: Self-reported, rather than device-based, measures of sleep are related to HRQoL in children. The discrepancy related to sleep assessment methods highlights the importance of considering both device-measured and self-reported measures of sleep in understanding its health effects

Joint association of birth weight and physical activity/sedentary behavior with obesity in children ages 9-11 years from 12 countries

Objective: To examine the joint association of birth weight and physical activity/sedentary time with childhood obesity in 12 countries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 5,088 children aged 9 to 11 years was conducted. Birth weight was recalled by parents or guardians. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were objectively measured using accelerometry. Results: The association of birth weight with the odds of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat was significant among children with either low MVPA or high sedentary time but not among children with either high MVPA or low sedentary time. In comparison with children with normal birth weight and high MVPA, children with high birth weight and low MVPA showed 4.48- to 5.18-fold higher odds of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat; children with normal birth weight and low MVPA showed 3.00- to 3.30-fold higher odds of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat, and children with high birth weight and high MVPA showed 1.16- to 1.68-fold higher odds of obesity, central obesity, and high body fat. Conclusions: High MVPA is more important than high birth weight as a correlate of obesity in children

Overweight/obesity In Brazilian Children: Prevalence And Correlates

UniFMU, Ctr Phys Fitness Lab Studies Sao Caetano do Sul, Sao Paulo, BrazilCELAFISCS, Ctr Phys Fitness Lab Studies Sao Caetano do Sul, Sao Caetano do Sul, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Celafiscs, Dept Pediat, Adolescent Med Sect, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Judas Tadeu, Celafiscs, Ctr Phys Fitness Lab Studies Sao Caetano do Sul, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Celafiscs, Dept Pediat, Adolescent Med Sect, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Estudo do potencial de milho em oxisol irrigado.

Na região do Sub-Medio São Francisco, observa-se o cultivo de hortaliças (cebola, tomate, melão emelancia) e fruteiras (videira) sob irrigação. A expansão destes cultivos entretanto, não é limitada. Na busca de alternativas de cultivo de rotaçao com as hortaliças, considerou-se adequado o estudo do potencial de produção de algumas cultivares de milho sob irrigação