Non-Hermitian trimers: PT-symmetry versus pseudo-Hermiticity

We study a structure composed of three coupled waveguides with gain and loss, a non-Hermitian trimer. We demonstrate that the mode spectrum can be entirely real if the waveguides are placed in a special order and at certain distances between each other. Such structures generally lack a spatial symmetry, in contrast to parity-time symmetric trimers which are known to feature a real spectrum. We also determine a threshold for wave amplification and analyse the scattering properties of such non-conservative systems embedded into a chain of conservative waveguides.SVS and AAS were supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), Discovery Project DP160100619. SVS acknowledges financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant No.15-31-20037 mol_a

Modulational instability in metamaterials with saturable nonlinearity and higher-order dispersion

Modulational instability (MI) in negative refractive metamaterials with saturable nonlinearity, fourth-order dispersion (FOD), and second-order nonlinear dispersion (SOND) is investigated by using standard linear stability analysis and the Drude electromagnetic model. The expression for the MI gain spectrum is obtained, which clearly reveals the influence of the saturation of the nonlinearity, FOD, and SOND parameters on the temporal MI. The evolution of the MI in negative refractive metamaterials is numerically investigated. Special attention is paid to study the effects of the higher-order dispersion terms on the formation and evolution of the solitons induced by MI. It is shown that as the third-order dispersion term increases, the solitons travel toward the right. Moreover, the magnitude of the FOD term influences considerably the number of wave trains induced by MI

Pattern formations in miscellaneous mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates and the higher-dimensional time-gated Manakov system

In this article, we investigate the structure and dynamics of miscellaneous mixtures of Bose-Einstein condensates confined within a time-independent anisotropic parabolic trap potential. In the zero-temperature mean-field approximation leading to coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations for the macroscopic wave functions of the condensates, we show that these equations can be mapped onto the higher-dimensional time-gated Manakov system up to a first-order of accuracy. Paying particular attention to two-species mixtures and looking forward deriving a panel of miscellaneous excitations to the above equations, we analyze the singularity structure of the system by means of Weiss et al.’s [ J. Weiss, M. Tabor and G. Carnevale J. Math. Phys. 24 522 (1983); 25 13 (1984)] methodology and provide its general Lax representation. As a result, we unearth a typical spectrum of localized and periodic coherent patterns while depicting elastic and nonelastic interactions among such structures alongside the splitting and resonance phenomena occurring during their motion

Higher order dispersion effects in the noninstantaneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation

We present a systematic analysis of the effects, of higher-order dispersion, noninstantaneous nonlinear response, as well as stochastic coefficients in optical fiber. This study is motivated by recent experimental observation of a new modulational instability spectral window induced by fourth-order dispersion in a normally dispersive single-mode optical fiber. Analytical expression of pulse amplitude is deduced with the second-order gain nonuniformity and the stimulated-Brillouin scattering-induced third-order as well as fourth-order dispersion effects involved. The influence of stochasticity, as well as the delayed Raman response in the nonconventional sidebands obtained due to the fourth-order dispersion, is considered. We note that the shape of the spectrum, and in particular the relative intensities of the higher order harmonics, is highly sensitive to the initial presence of classical noise, and can therefore be taken as a signature that the MI is seeded by vacuum fluctuations. Some direct simulations to see the evolution of different continuous wave states are reported. These show the formation of modulation instability pulses as well as transitions from lower amplitude continuous wave states to higher amplitude continuous wave states. The present results fit well with recent experimental investigations

Soliton like excitations on a deformable spin model

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Amplitude response, Melnikov’s criteria, and chaos occurrence in a Duffing’s system subjected to an external periodic excitation with a variable shape

The present study considers the nonlinear dynamics of a Duffing oscillator under a symmetric potential subjected to a pulse-type excitation with a deformable shape. Our attention is focused on the effects of the external excitation shape parameter and its period. The frequency response of the system is derived by using a semi-analytical approach. Interestingly, the frequency–response curve displays a large number of resonance peaks and anti-resonance peaks as well. Surprisingly, a resonance phenomenon termed here as shape-induced-resonance is noticed as it occurs solely due to the change in the shape parameter of the external periodic force. The system exhibits amplitude jumps and hysteresis depending on . The critical driving magnitude for the chaos occurrence is investigated through Melnikov’s method. Numerical analysis based on bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent is used to show how chaos occurs in the system. It is shown that the threshold amplitude of the excitation to observe chaotic dynamics decreases/increases for small/large values of . In general, the theoretical estimates match with numerical simulations and electronic simulations as well