Entwicklung eines Multifunktionsinstruments für die laparoskopische Chirurgie

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.Chirurgische Eingriffe werden zunehmend minimul-invasiv durchgeführt, um die Belastung der Patienten durch die Operation zu verringern. Die Innovation der hier vorgestellten technischen Lösung besteht darin,dass die einzelnen Instrumente, die für verschiedene Operationsschritte erforderlich sind, in einem gemeinsamen Handgriff zusammengefasst und damit im Operationsfeld simultan und rasch austauschbar vorgehalten werden können. Durch die Verwendung von verschiedenen Aktuatoren erfolgt der Wechsel zwischen den integrierten Insimmenten automatisiert, so dass eine Einhandbedienung gewährleistet ist

Neverlast: Towards the Design and Implementation of the NVM-based Everlasting Operating System

Novel non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies allow for the efficient implementation of \u27\u27intermittently-powered\u27\u27 smart dust and edge computing systems in a previously unfamiliar way. Operating with rough environmental conditions where power-supply failures occur often requires adjustments to all parts of the system. This leads to an inevitable trade-off in the design of operating systems -- the overhead of persisting the achieved computation progress over power failures is detrimental to the possible amount of progress with the available energy budgets. It is, therefore, crucial to minimize the overhead of ensuring persistence. This paper presents the case that persistence should be provided as an operating-system service to achieve everlasting operating capabilities. Triggered by power-failure interrupts, an implicit persistence service for the processor status of a process preserves progress on the CPU-instruction level. This interrupt only triggers if necessary so that no power-state polling is needed. We outline architectures for everlasting systems and discuss their benefits and drawbacks compared to existing approaches. Thereby, the operating system provides persistence as a service at run-time to the application, with minimal overhead. Our approach enables the separation of the application from energy-supply state estimation, as well as state-preserving logic for software and hardware components

A new simulation framework for soil-root interaction, evaporation, root growth, and solute transport

We have developed a general model concept and a flexible software framework for the description of plant-scale soil-root interaction processes including the essential fluid mechanical processes in the vadose zone. The model was developed in the framework of non-isothermal, multiphase, multicomponent flow and transport in porous media. The software is an extension of the open-source porous media flow and transport simulator DuMux to embedded mixed-dimensional coupled schemes. Our coupling concept allows us to describe all processes in a strongly coupled form and adapt the complexity of the governing equations in favor of either accuracy or computational efficiency. We have developed the necessary numerical tools to solve the strongly coupled nonlinear partial differential equation systems that arise with a locally mass conservative numerical scheme even in the context of evolving root architectures. We demonstrate the model concept and its features, discussing a virtual hydraulic lift experiment including evaporation, root tracer uptake on a locally refined grid, the simultaneous simulation of root growth and root water uptake, and an irrigation scenario comparing different models for flow in unsaturated soil. We have analyzed the impact of evaporation from soil on the soil water distribution around a single plant’s root system. Moreover, we have shown that locally refined grids around the root system increase computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the assumptions behind the Richards equation may be violated under certain conditions

A new simulation framework for soil-root interaction, evaporation, root growth, and solute transport

We have developed a general model concept and a flexible software framework for the description of plant-scale soil-root interaction processes including the essential fluid mechanical processes in the vadose zone. The model was developed in the framework of non-isothermal, multiphase, multicomponent flow and transport in porous media. The software is an extension of the open-source porous media flow and transport simulator DuMux to embedded mixed-dimensional coupled schemes. Our coupling concept allows us to describe all processes in a strongly coupled form and adapt the complexity of the governing equations in favor of either accuracy or computational efficiency. We have developed the necessary numerical tools to solve the strongly coupled nonlinear partial differential equation systems that arise with a locally mass conservative numerical scheme even in the context of evolving root architectures. We demonstrate the model concept and its features, discussing a virtual hydraulic lift experiment including evaporation, root tracer uptake on a locally refined grid, the simultaneous simulation of root growth and root water uptake, and an irrigation scenario comparing different models for flow in unsaturated soil. We have analyzed the impact of evaporation from soil on the soil water distribution around a single plant’s root system. Moreover, we have shown that locally refined grids around the root system increase computational efficiency while maintaining accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate that the assumptions behind the Richards equation may be violated under certain conditions

Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as novel mapping technique provides insights into language function in primary progressive aphasia

Navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) is an innovative technique that provides insight into language function with high accuracy in time and space. So far, nrTMS has mainly been applied in presurgical language mapping of patients with intracranial neoplasms. For the present study, nrTMS was used for language mapping in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Seven patients (median age: 70 years, 4 males) with the non-fluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA) were included in this pilot study. Trains of nrTMS (5 Hz, 100% resting motor threshold) caused virtual lesions at 46 standardized cortical stimulation targets per hemisphere. Patients’ errors in a naming task during stimulation were counted. The majority of errors induced occurred during frontal lobe stimulation (34.3%). Timing errors and non-responses were most frequent. More errors were induced in the right hemisphere (58%) than in the left hemisphere (42%). Mapping was tolerated by all patients, however, discomfort or pain was reported for stimulation of frontal areas. The elevated right-hemispheric error rate in our study could be due to a partial shift of language function to the right hemisphere in neurodegenerative aphasia during the course of disease and therefore points to the existence of neuronal plasticity in nfvPPA. While this is an interesting finding for neurodegenerative disorders per se, its promotion might also harbor future therapeutic targets

Процесс импортозамещения на предприятиях ВЭД в условиях экономических санкций и эмбарго

Дипломная работа на тему "Процесс импортозамещения на предприятиях ВЭД в условиях внешнеэкономических санкций и эмбарго". Целью исследования является раскрытие импортозамещющих процессов в условиях санкций и эмбарго на предприятиях разных отраслей промышленности. В работе рассматриваются проблемные места государственной программы импортозамещения в разных отраслях, такие как недостаточность правовой базы процесса, недоступность финансовых ресурсов для развития компаний, а также использование научного и инновационного потенциала России не в полной мере. В основной части рассмотрены проблемы и перспективы внедрения отечественных компаний аграрной, легкой и фармацевтической промышленности в импортозамещение.Diploma work on the topic "The process of import substitution in foreign trade enterprises in terms of foreign economic sanctions and embargoes." The purpose of this diploma is to disclose import-substituting processes in conditions of sanctions and embargoes at enterprises of different industries. The paper examines the problems of the state program of import substitution in various sectors, such as the lack of a legal framework for the process, the inaccessibility of financial resources for the development of companies, and the use of Russia's scientific and innovative potential is not fully realized. In the main part, problems and prospects for introducing domestic companies of the agrarian, light and pharmaceutical industries into import substitution are discussed

Therapeutic drug monitoring of rivastigmine and donepezil under consideration of CYP2D6 genotype-dependent metabolism of donepezil

Background: The efficacy of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-I) might depend on blood concentration. While rivastigmine metabolism is independent of the cytochrome P450 system, its isoenzymes, especially CYP2D6, metabolize donepezil. CYP2D6 polymorphisms can cause altered enzyme activity resulting in lower or higher than expected drug concentrations of donepezil. Objective: We investigated correlations between clinical efficacy and serum concentrations of rivastigmine and donepezil under special consideration of CYP2D6 genotype or gene dose-dependent metabolism of donepezil. Methods: Serum concentrations of donepezil and rivastigmine were measured by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allele-specific PCR were performed to assess CYP2D6 genotype and gene dose. Results: Patients treated with rivastigmine (n=28) or donepezil (n=48) were included in the study. Both gene dose and metabolism type significantly predicted the level of donepezil serum concentration (p=0.019 and p=0.013, respectively). In the rivastigmine group, changes of the word list delayed recall subtest before treatment and under stable medication were significantly associated with rivastigmine serum levels (beta=0.465;p=0.018). Drug serum concentrations were outside the recommended range in a substantial percentage of participants, which might have contributed to poor correlations between changes in cognitive measures and drug concentrations. Donepezil serum concentrations significantly depended on CYP2D6 gene dose. Conclusion: Testing AChE-I serum concentration should be considered in patients without clinical response to treatment or those with severe side effects. Patients with donepezil drug levels outside the recommended range might additionally profit from CYP2D6 genotyping or treatment with an AChE-I independent of CYP metabolism