A maganyag eloszlása extrém körülmények között = Distribution of the matter under extreme conditions

Nehéz atommagok neutronbőr vastagságának mérésével pontosítottuk a maganyag állapotegyenletében szereplő szimmetria-energia értékét, az izoskalár dipólus óriásrezonancia energiájának pontos meghatározásával pedig a maganyag inkompresszibilitásának értékét. Kimutattuk, hogy neutrongazdag könnyű atommagokban a neutroneloszlás deformációja sokkal nagyobb lehet, mint a protonoké. Felismertük, hogy az erősen neutrongazdag atommagokban a valencia neutronok mozgása függetlenné válhat a protonok mozgásától. Hiperdeformált (HD) (3:1 tengelyarányú) rotációs sávokat azonosítottunk az 236U atommagban. Meghatároztuk a hasadási potenciál minimumait és maximumait, valamint vizsgáltuk a nehéz atommagokra történő csomósodás (132Sn + 100Zr) jelenségét. Kimutattuk, hogy gyorsan forgó 126Ba-ban nagy spineknél HD szerkezet alakul ki, és további 4 atommag spektrumában is találtunk HD szerkezetre utaló jeleket. Négy szomszédos Rh atommag királis forgási sávjainak összehasonlításával modell-független módon kimutattuk, hogy a királis viselkedésben kiemelkedő fontossága van a magtörzs háromtengelyűségének. A 103Sn és a 102In gerjesztett állapotainak vizsgálatával meghatároztuk az N=50 héjzáródás erősségét. Eredményeink szerint az 100Sn az egyik legjobb példa a kétszer mágikus magokra. Egy új részecske keletkezésére utaló kísérleti eredményeket kaptunk. Az 16O 10.95 MeV-es 0- >0+ és 8.87 MeV-es 2- >0+ átmeneteinek legerjesztődése során keletkező elektron-pozitron párok szögkorrelációjában észlelt éles maximumokat egy könnyű, semleges, axiálvektor bozon keletkezésére, és elektron-pozitron párrá történő bomlására utal. | The symmetry energy term of the nuclear equation of state was constrained by measuring the neutron-skin thicknesses of heavy nuclei, while the incompressibility term was constrained by measuring the energy of the isoscalar giant dipole resonance. We observed much larger deformation for the neutron distribution than the proton one in neutron-rich nuclei. It was noticed that in neutron-rich nuclei the valence neutrons can be decupled from the protons. We observed hyperdeformed (HD) (axis ratio 3:1) rotational bands in 236U. The maxima and minima of the fission potential were deduced and the effects of heavy clusterization (132Sn + 100Zr) were studied. We observed HD structure also in the fast rotating 126Ba nucleus at high spin, and found evidence in 4 other nuclei for the existence of HD-structures. We showed in a model-independent way by studying 4 neighbouring Rh nuclei that the triaxial shape of the nuclear core plays an important role in the development of the chiral behaviour. We deduced the strength of the N=50 shell closure from studying the excited states in 103Sn and in 102In. According to our results 100Sn is one of the best examples for double magic nuclei. We obtained experimental results for the existence of a new elementary particle. The sharp maxima observed in the angular correlation of the electron-positron pairs from the 10.95 MeV 0- >0+ and 8.87 MeV 2-->0+ transitions in 16O are explained by the creation and subsequent decay of a light neutral axial vector boson

Pathogenic and targetable genetic alterations in 70 urachal adenocarcinomas

Urachal cancer (UrC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy often diagnosed in advanced stages requiring systemic treatment. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy is of limited effectiveness, prospective clinical studies can hardly be conducted. Targeted therapeutic treatment approaches and potentially immunotherapy based on a biological rationale may provide an alternative strategy. We therefore subjected 70 urachal adenocarcinomas to targeted next-generation sequencing, conducted in situ and immunohistochemical analyses (including PD-L1 and DNA mismatch repair proteins (MMR)) and evaluated the microsatellite instability (MSI) status. The analytical findings were correlated with clinicopathological and outcome data and Kaplan-Meier and univariable/multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed. The patients had a mean age of 50 years, 66% were male and a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 58% and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 45% was detected. Sequence variations were observed in TP53 (66%), KRAS (21%), BRAF (4%), PIK3CA (4%), FGFR1 (1%), MET (1%), NRAS (1%), and PDGFRA (1%). Gene amplifications were found in EGFR (5%), ERBB2 (2%), and MET (2%). We detected no evidence of MMR-deficiency (MMR-d)/MSI-high (MSI-h), whereas 10 of 63 cases (16%) expressed PD-L1. Therefore, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy approaches might be tested in UrC. Importantly, we found aberrations in intracellular signal transduction pathways (RAS/RAF/PI3K) in 31% of UrCs with potential implications for anti-EGFR therapy. Less frequent potentially actionable genetic alterations were additionally detected in ERBB2 (HER2), MET, FGFR1, and PDGFRA. The molecular profile strengthens the notion that UrC is a distinct entity on the genomic level with closer resemblance to colorectal than to bladder cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Synthesis of benzopyran derivatives 15: Preparation of arylsulfonyloxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromenes

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International network of nuclear structure and decay data evaluators

Compilation, evaluation and dissemination of nuclear data are arduous tasks that rely on contributions from experts in both the basic and applied sciences communities whose efforts are coordinated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) includes the most extensive and comprehensive set of nuclear structure and decay data evaluations performed by the international network of Nuclear Structure and Decay Data evaluators (NSDD) under the auspices of the IAEA. In this report we describe the recent NSDD activities supported by the IAEA and provide some future perspectives