Defect and thickness inspection system for cast thin films using machine vision and full-field transmission densitometry

Quick mass production of homogeneous thin film material is required in paper, plastic, fabric, and thin film industries. Due to the high feed rates and small thicknesses, machine vision and other nondestructive evaluation techniques are used to ensure consistent, defect-free material by continuously assessing post-production quality. One of the fastest growing inspection areas is for 0.5-500 micrometer thick thin films, which are used for semiconductor wafers, amorphous photovoltaics, optical films, plastics, and organic and inorganic membranes. As a demonstration application, a prototype roll-feed imaging system has been designed to inspect high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), used for fuel cells, after being die cast onto a moving transparent substrate. The inspection system continuously detects thin film defects and classifies them with a neural network into categories of holes, bubbles, thinning, and gels, with a 1.2% false alarm rate, 7.1% escape rate, and classification accuracy of 96.1%. In slot die casting processes, defect types are indicative of a misbalance in the mass flow rate and web speed; so, based on the classified defects, the inspection system informs the operator of corrective adjustments to these manufacturing parameters. Thickness uniformity is also critical to membrane functionality, so a real-time, full-field transmission densitometer has been created to measure the bi-directional thickness profile of the semi-transparent PEM between 25-400 micrometers. The local thickness of the 75 mm x 100 mm imaged area is determined by converting the optical density of the sample to thickness with the Beer-Lambert law. The PEM extinction coefficient is determined to be 1.4 D/mm and the average thickness error is found to be 4.7%. Finally, the defect inspection and thickness profilometry systems are compiled into a specially-designed graphical user interface for intuitive real-time operation and visualization.M.S.Committee Chair: Tequila Harris; Committee Member: Levent Degertekin; Committee Member: Wayne Dale

Dealing with a compromised young first permanent molar, reflexion on the extraction option

Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada no PUBMED usando a combinação de termos de pesquisa « first permanent molar » and « tooth extraction » [MeSH Terms]. A pesquisa identificou 206 estudos, dos quais 11 foram considerados relevantes para este estudo. Os resultados de uma extração precoce de PMP incluem mais ou menos fechamento espacial espontâneo, erupção acelerada e melhorada do TPM do mesmo quadrante, aumento de overjet, overbite e do ângulo interincisal pela verticalização dos incisivos, rotação em sentido anti-horário do plano oclusal juntamente com uma mandíbula encurtada após a perda de PMP mandibular e assimetria facial após uma extração unilateral na mandíbula. As diretrizes atuais são baseadas em evidência científica baixa, no futuro serão necessárias mais recomendações relevantes baseadas em evidências. Ao enfrentar um FPM comprometido a uma idade jovem, o médico deve sempre consultar um ortodontista antes de tomar qualquer decisão, para não tornar um futuro tratamento ortodôntico mais complexo. Com as técnicas atuais de restauração e controle do comportamento e tendo em vista a atual incapacidade de controlar e prever todas as consequências de um ato tão invasivo como a extração de FPM em crianças, a opção de restauração sempre deve ser privilegiada, se possível. Restaurar o espaço na idade adulta com um implante e / ou próteses permite um melhor controle do espaço de extração com consequências muito menos prejudiciais. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se a extração de um primeiro molar permanente (PMP) comprometido é uma opção de tratamento adequada, pesquisando suas consequências num indivíduo em crescimento.A literature search was performed on the PUBMED using a combination of search terms « first permanent molar » and « tooth extraction » [MeSH Terms]. The research identified 206 studies, of which 11 were considered relevant for this study. The outcomes of an early FPM extraction include a more or less spontaneous space closure, accelerated and improved eruption of the TPM of the same quadrant, increased overjet, overbite and interincisal angle by the uprighting of the incisors, counterclock wise rotation of the occlusal plane along with a shortened mandibule after a lower FPM loss and facial asymmetry after unilateral mandibular extraction. The current guidelines are based on low scientific evidence, more relevant evidence-based recommendations will be needed in the future. When facing a compromised FPM at a young age, the practitioner should always refer to an orthodontist before taking any decision, as to not render a future orthodontic treatment more complex. With the actual restoration and behavior management techniques and and in view of the current incapacity to control and predict all the consequences of an act as invasive as the extraction of FPM in children, the restoration option should always be privileged if feasible. Restoring the space in adulthood with an implant and/or prosthetics allows better control of the extraction space with much less harmful consequences. The aim of this study was to determinate if the extraction of a compromised FPM is a proper treatment option, by searching its consequences on a growing individual

S13RS SGR No. 13 (Sustainability Orientation)

A RESOLUTION To urge and request the Office of Orientation to implement a sustainability program in all new student orientation session