3,118 research outputs found

    AUGUSTUS AND ORESTES: TWO LITERARY CLUES

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    IL-1 cytokine family members and NAFLD: Neglected in metabolic liver inflammation

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    Autismus - Probleme und Strategien der Eltern von autistischen Kindern im partnerschaftlichen Kontext

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    In der vorliegenden Arbeit beschreibt der Autor die Problematik des Autismus vom Standpunkt der Eltern autistischer Kinder aus. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein offenes, teilstandardisiertes, narratives Interview mit elf Betroffenen durchgeführt. Grundlagen der Auswertung der Interviews sind das Konzept des Lebenszusammenhanges nach Klicpera und Innerhofer, das Konzept der Beziehungsgestaltung nach Eckert und das Krisen- und Interventionsmodell von Schuchardt. Das Konzept des Lebenszusammenhanges fokussiert die Eltern autistischer Kinder mit den Belastungen der Alltagsbewältigung der Familie auf allen Lebensebenen. In dieser Ausnahmesituation sind die Eltern mit befremdenden Reaktionen ihrer Umwelt konfrontiert, die bis zu Stigmatisierungen gehen können und eine Isolation der Eltern begünstigen. Das Modell nach Eckert (siehe oben) bemerkt, dass sich Beziehungsstrukturen in Familien mit autistischen Kindern anders entwickeln als bei Familien ohne Autismus. Es stellt so eine Ergänzung zum Konzept des Lebenszusammenhanges dar. Das dritte Modell nach Schuchardt zeigt, dass alle Menschen in Krisensituationen unabhängig von der Kultur, dem Ort, der Zeit sowie der Ursache der Krise einen ähnlichen Weg der Verarbeitung durchlaufen. Übereinstimmend plädieren alle Interviewten für Hilfen, die sich nicht in gut gemeinten Ratschlägen erschöpfen, sondern rasch und flexibel zu greifen im Stande sind. Nicht zuletzt ist es echte Anteilnahme, die den Eltern Kraft und Mut gibt, um ihren Weg konstruktiv weiter zu gehen.This thesis describes the problem of autism from the parents´ point of view. That is why eleven afflicted parents have been interviewed by means of a open, partly standardized, narrative interview. The basis of the elaboration are the Concept of Lifeconnection according to Klicpera and Innerhofer, the Concept of Created Relationships according to Eckert and the Model of Crisis and Intervening according to Schuchardt. The first concept focuses the parents of autistic children considering their hardships in managing all areas of everyday life. In this onerous situation the parents are confronted with bewilderment that can go as far as being stigmatized, a fact that is able to foster isolation. The model according to Eckert notices that the development of structures of relationships within the family with autistic children is different to those without autistic children. This Concept of Created Relationships completes the Concept of Klicpera and Innerhofer. The third model according to Schuchardt shows that all humans in a situation of crisis independent from culture, location and time as well as from the reason of the crisis go through the same path of coping. All the interviewed parents plea for a support that is not only an advice but able to help soon and in a flexible way. Finally it is true compassion that encourages parents to go on

    Gut microbiome and health : mechanistic insights

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    The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to the regulation of host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types of crosstalk with our organs. Because of the development of molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), the complex interactions occurring between the host and the different microorganisms are progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, gut microbiota deviations are linked with many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) and several types of cancer. Thus, suggesting that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid and glucose metabolism are affected. In this review, specific attention is given to provide a critical evaluation of the current understanding in this field. Numerous molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria might be causally linked with the protection or the onset of diseases are discussed. We examine well-established metabolites (ie, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, trimethylamine N-oxide) and extend this to more recently identified molecular actors (ie, endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products and enterosynes) and their specific receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and gamma (PPAR gamma), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and G protein-coupled receptors (ie, GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). Altogether, understanding the complexity and the molecular aspects linking gut microbes to health will help to set the basis for novel therapies that are already being developed.Peer reviewe
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