Environmental and Economic of Flooring Building Materials

Green building design requires use of building materials that minimize environmental impact, necessitating selection of building materials by their environmental profile as well as economic cost-benefit considerations. The objective of this research is to determine the environmental impacts per square meter of three flooring materials; ceramic tiles, marble tiles, and parquet produced in Thailand. Life cycle cost (LCC) of the three materials are determined and compared. The study finds that ceramic tiles cause the greatest environmental impact, especially during the material extraction phase. When calculating all costs incurred throughout the life-cycle, the cost of untreated solid wood parquet is highest

Suitable Low Income Flood Resilient Housing

Climate change is a critical issue for all of humanity. It is predicted that Thailand is likely to have an increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall and storms which, will result in a more severe flash flood problem. Slum residents in Chiang Mai are one of the groups of people who are vulnerable to flooding impacts of climate change. The objective of this study is to analyze the flood-resilient housing style of low-income people. Data from 3 slums (146 households) which encounter different kinds of floods every year, i.e. drainage floods (Ban Sanku: 21 households), river floods (Kampang Ngam: 64 households) and flash floods (Samunkee Pattana: 61 households), were collected. The study found that flood frequency, duration, depth and flow velocity caused damage to the houses, but only flood frequency, duration, and flow velocity were factors affecting the housing structure.  If considering only damage to slums which frequently face shallow water depth, slow flow velocity and short duration, all 8 low-income housing styles (A-H) can be built. The high platform house with open space under the house is appropriate for slums located in flooding area where high-level, slow flow velocity floods occur frequently but for a short duration. It may be a permanent, semi-permanent or temporary structure (D-F). For the other slums facing high flood levels with high flow velocities for a short duration, all permanent housing styles are appropriate. If the objective is not only damage prevention but also living during a flood, permanent high platform houses with open spaces under the houses are recommended for all slums

แบบจําลองเชิงสาเหตุความสําเร็จในอาชีพของบัณฑิตสหกิจศึกษา

The purposes of this research were to develop and to examine the model validity of the causal model of career success for cooperative education graduates with the empirical data. The research samples consisted of 1,861 Suranaree University of Technology (SUT)’s cooperative education graduates from batch 1 to batch 20. Questionnaires were utilized for the data collection. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and structural equation model. The major findings were as follows: 1) the causal model of career success for cooperative education graduates consisted of 1 endogenous latent variable: career success, and 4 exogenous latent variables: perceived self-efficacy, cooperative education experience, organizational support, and work-family balance; and 2) the causal model of career success for cooperative education graduates had a good fit to the empirical data (2=15.01, df=15, p=.45, x2/df=1.00, GFI=1.00, RMSEA=.00, RMR=.00, NFI=1.00, RFI=1.00, GFI=1.00). Organizational support, perceived self-efficacy, and cooperative education experience had a direct effects on the career success at the significant levels of .01, .01, and .05, respectively, along with the positive effect sizes of .66, .31, and .05, respectively. All of the causal variables in the model accounted for 77% of the variance in career success

Amelioration of building microclimates through landscape design approaching hot-humid climate

Saving energy in buildings has become a more important issue in various countries. One strategy that can reduce the cooling load in buildings is landscaping and environmental design. However, it is difficult to estimate the amount of influence of landscape, environment and their elements on ambient temperature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between landscape elements and outdoor temperature. The arrangement in relation to temperature reduction is also determined. From the study, it was found that the first important factors that helped to reduce the ambient temperature were water elements, followed by mature trees and ground cover areas. In addition, the outdoor area should be minimally open ground and a hard surface area. The proper placement of each element should be considered specifically the water area should be placed on the south or south-west. The ground cover should be placed next to the building and trees should be placed on the south, east and west sides. The width of canopy of mature trees should be at least 4.5 meters, and evergreen trees should be at least 6 meters of height and dense. Besides these, there are many other variables, such as building layout, building shapes and building materials that may have some effects on the ambient temperature, and they will be studied later

Environmental and Economic of Flooring Building Materials

Green building design requires use of building materials that minimize environmental impact, necessitating selection of building materials by their environmental profile as well as economic cost-benefit considerations. The objective of this research is to determine the environmental impacts per square meter of three flooring materials; ceramic tiles, marble tiles, andparquet produced in Thailand. Life cycle cost (LCC) of the three materials are determined and compared. The study finds that ceramic tiles cause the greatest environmental impact, especially during the material extraction phase. When calculating all costsincurred throughout the life-cycle, the cost of untreated solid wood parquet is highest.</jats:p

Amelioration of building microclimates through landscape design approaching hot-humid climate

Saving energy in buildings has become a more important issue in various countries. One strategy that can reduce the cooling load in buildings is landscaping and environmental design. However, it is difficult to estimate the amount of influence of landscape, environment and their elements on ambient temperature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between landscape elements and outdoor temperature. The arrangement in relation to temperature reduction is also determined. From the study, it was found that the first important factors that helped to reduce the ambient temperature were water elements, followed by mature trees and ground cover areas. In addition, the outdoor area should be minimally open ground and a hard surface area. The proper placement of each element should be considered specifically the water area should be placed on the south or south-west. The ground cover should be placed next to the building and trees should be placed on the south, east and west sides. The width of canopy of mature trees should be at least 4.5 meters, and evergreen trees should be at least 6 meters of height and dense. Besides these, there are many other variables, such as building layout, building shapes and building materials that may have some effects on the ambient temperature, and they will be studied later

การคาดการณ์อุณหภูมิพื้นผิวระดับท้องถิ่นในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ภายใต้ข้อมูลภาพฉายการเปลี่ยนแปลงภูมิอากาศPrediction of Future Surface Temperature at Local Scale in Chiang Mai Province Under Climate Change Scenarios

จากปัญหาการเปลี่ยนแปลงภูมิอากาศส่งผลทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงหลายประการรวมทั้งการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิมีงานวิจัยมากมายที่พยายามคาดการณ์อุณหภูมิอากาศในอนาคต แต่ยังคงเป็นการคาดการณ์อุณหภูมิเฉลี่ยสำหรับพื้นที่ขนาดใหญ่ระดับประเทศหรือระดับภูมิภาค ซึ่งในความเป็นจริงแล้วอุณหภูมิระดับท้องถิ่นอาจสูงกว่าหรือต่ำกว่าค่าอุณหภูมิที่ได้จากการคาดการณ์อุณหภูมิเฉลี่ยระดับประเทศหรือระดับภูมิภาค จึงเกิดคำถามว่าหากต้องการทราบข้อมูลอุณหภูมิในอนาคตในพื้นที่ขนาดเล็กระดับท้องถิ่นจะสามารถทำได้อย่างไร งานวิจัยนี้จึงประยุกต์ใช้ข้อมูลการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิจากการคาดการณ์การเปลี่ยนแปลงภูมิอากาศของประเทศไทยที่ใช้แบบจำลองภูมิอากาศโลก ECHAM4 ที่มีอยู่ร่วมกับวิธีการสำรวจระยะไกล เพื่อให้ได้ข้อมูลอุณหภูมิในอนาคตระดับท้องถิ่น โดยใช้พื้นที่ศึกษาจำนวน 3 อำเภอในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ได้แก่ อำเภอเมืองเชียงใหม่ อำเภอสันทราย และอำเภอดอยสะเก็ด เป็นพื้นที่ศึกษานำร่องสำหรับงานวิจัยนี้ก่อน ผลจากการศึกษาทำให้ได้ข้อมูลอุณหภูมิระดับท้องถิ่นสูงสุดในแต่ละปีระหว่างปี พ.ศ. 2560–2592 ที่มีขนาดขนาดจุดกริด 30×30 เมตร จำนวน 3 ชุดข้อมูล ได้แก่ ชุดข้อมูลอุณหภูมิระดับท้องถิ่นจากภาพฉาย ECHAM4 A2, ECHAM4 B2 และ ECHAM5 A1B ซึ่งมีเงื่อนไขและที่มาในการสร้างภาพฉายที่แตกต่างกัน และพบว่าข้อมูลในระดับท้องถิ่นในแต่ละปีมีความแตกต่างกันค่อนข้างมากเฉลี่ยประมาณ 20°C ทำให้เห็นได้ว่าการพิจารณาข้อมูลอากาศระดับท้องถิ่นมีความสำคัญต่อการวางแผนในด้านต่างๆ ที่เฉพาะเจาะจงเช่น การปลูกพืช การเลี้ยงสัตว์ ที่ไม่อาจใช้ข้อมูลอุณหภูมิเฉลี่ยของพื้นที่ทั้งจังหวัดได้ นอกจากนี้ยังพบว่าในอนาคตอุณหภูมิระดับท้องถิ่นของทั้ง 3 อำเภอ ในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่มีแนวโน้มการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิสูงขึ้น และพบว่าแนวโน้มอุณหภูมิท้องถิ่นในอนาคตที่ได้จากภาพฉาย ECHAM5 A1B มีแนวโน้มจะมีอุณหภูมิสูงสุดสูงกว่าชุดข้อมูลอุณหภูมิที่ได้จากจากภาพฉาย ECHAM4 A2 และ ECHAM4 B2 ดังนั้นตัวแปรที่สำคัญอย่างหนึ่งคือการเลือกใช้ภาพฉายอนาคตที่มีเงื่อนไขที่สอดคล้องกับพื้นที่เพื่อให้สามารถหาแนวทางป้องกันที่ครอบคลุมการเปลี่ยนแปลงภูมิอากาศมากที่สุดThe climate change problem results in several changes including the temperature. There have been many studies on the future climate forecast but only providing the future surface temperature of countrywide area or at the regional scale. In fact, the surface temperature of a local area might be lower or higher than that. This raises the question on how the future surface temperature at local scale can be predicted. This study applies the available data on Thailand’s existing climate change forecast using an existing world climate model ECHAM4 together with the remote sensing to predict the future surface temperature at the local scale. The 3 districts in Chiang Mai, i.e. Muang Chiang Mai, San Sai, and Doi Saket were used as a pilot study for this research. The results provided the annual maximum surface temperature during 2560BE and 2592BE of 30×30 meter grid spacing. The 3 sets of local temperature include ECHAM4 A2, ECHAM4 B2, and ECHAM5 A1B projects with different conditions and sources of projecting. In addition, there is a significant difference the temperature among each local data and in each year around 20 deg Celsius. Therefore, it can be seen that only the local temperature forecast is very important for planning on specific areas, e.g. annual cropping, cattle, etc. rather than using the average temperature of large provincial area. It was also found that the future climate change of the 3 districts tends to be higher. Moreover, the future local surface temperature from the ECHAM5 A1B project tends to be higher than those of ECHAM4 A2 and ECHAM4 B2. As a consequence, it is important to choose the suitable model of climate change scenarios in order to find the best guideline to solve the problem on the climate change in certain local area

Suitable Low Income Flood Resilient Housing

Climate change is a critical issue for all of humanity. It is predicted that Thailand is likely to have an increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall and storms which, will result in a more severe flash flood problem. Slum residents in Chiang Mai are one of the groups of people who are vulnerable to flooding impacts of climate change. The objective of this study is to analyze the flood-resilient housing style of low-income people. Data from 3 slums (146 households) which encounter different kinds of floods every year, i.e. drainage floods (Ban Sanku: 21 households), river floods (Kampang Ngam: 64 households) and flash floods (Samunkee Pattana: 61 house- holds), were collected. The study found that flood frequency, duration, depth and flow velocity caused damage to the houses, but only flood frequency, duration, and flow velocity were factors affecting the housing structure. If considering only damage to slums which frequently face shallow water depth, slow flow velocity and short duration, all 8 low-income housing styles (A-H) can be built. The high platform house with open space under the house is appropriate for slums located in flooding area where high-level, slow flow velocit y floods occur frequently but for a short duration. It may be a permanent, semi-permanent or temporary structure (D-F). For the other slums facing high flood levels with high flow velocities for a short duration, all permanent housing styles are appropriate. If the objective is not only damage prevention but also living during a flood, per- manent high platform houses with open spaces under the houses are recommended for all slums.</jats:p