Quantum transport thermometry for electrons in graphene

We propose a method of measuring the electron temperature $T_e$ in mesoscopic conductors and demonstrate experimentally its applicability to micron-size graphene devices in the linear-response regime ($T_e\approx T$, the bath temperature). The method can be {especially useful} in case of overheating, $T_e>T$. It is based on analysis of the correlation function of mesoscopic conductance fluctuations. Although the fluctuation amplitude strongly depends on the details of electron scattering in graphene, we show that $T_e$ extracted from the correlation function is insensitive to these details.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; final version, as publishe

Dirac fermions in a power-law-correlated random vector potential

We study localization properties of two-dimensional Dirac fermions subject to a power-law-correlated random vector potential describing, e.g., the effect of "ripples" in graphene. By using a variety of techniques (low-order perturbation theory, self-consistent Born approximation, replicas, and supersymmetry) we make a case for a possible complete localization of all the electronic states and compute the density of states.Comment: Latex, 4+ page

Observation of dipole-mode vector solitons

We report on the first experimental observation of a novel type of optical vector soliton, a {\em dipole-mode soliton}, recently predicted theoretically. We show that these vector solitons can be generated in a photorefractive medium employing two different processes: a phase imprinting, and a symmetry-breaking instability of a vortex-mode vector soliton. The experimental results display remarkable agreement with the theory, and confirm the robust nature of these radially asymmetric two-component solitary waves.Comment: 4 pages, 8 figures; pictures in the PRL version are better qualit

Partially incoherent optical vortices in self-focusing nonlinear media

We observe stable propagation of spatially localized single- and double-charge optical vortices in a self-focusing nonlinear medium. The vortices are created by self-trapping of partially incoherent light carrying a phase dislocation, and they are stabilized when the spatial incoherence of light exceeds a certain threshold. We confirm the vortex stabilization effect by numerical simulations and also show that the similar mechanism of stabilization applies to higher-order vortices.Comment: 4 pages and 6 figures (including 3 experimental figures

Predictors of effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), which mainly develops from visceral obesity, is a socially significant disease. Reduction of losses from DM2 is a priority in modern medicine development. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (aGLP-1) present one of few groups of antidiabetic drugs that allows to reduce not only glycemia, but also weight in DM2. Taking into account predictors of response to the therapy will allow to reach trearment targets with the highest probability, maintaining a safety of treatment, to optimize recommendations for administration of aGPP-1 as much as possible. Aims: To assess dynamics of metabolic parameters, to identify predictors of reduction in blood glucose, body weight and other metabolic parameters on aGLP-1 therapy in patients with DM2 with body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2. Materials and methods: The study involved 33 patients (10 men, 23 women), who had been treated with aGLP-1, the observation period for 24 weeks was planned. 3 patients terminated the participation before the appointed time (1 – due to pancreatitis development 2 – due to the lack of financial opportunity to purchase the drug). So, 30 patients (10 men, 20 women) were included in the final analysis. Examination consisted of the survey, physical examination with measurement of anthropometric, clinical parameters, filling questionnaires. Data were evaluated at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment. Results: The study found that patients who achieved weight loss ≥ 5% initially had higher BMI (p = 0.028), lower GLP-1 (p = 0.036), had lower level of ghrelin after standard breakfast test (p = 0.022). There was trend (p = 0.071) to greater decrease in BMI in patients with restrictive type of eating behavior compared to patients who had a mixed type. More pronounced decrease in glycemia was noted in patients who had higher fasting plasma glucose level at inclusion (p = 0.001). Dynamics of HbA1c was better in patients with initially higher GLP-1 (p = 0.016) and higher levels of glycemia (p = 0.001). Also, we revealed the statistically significant decrease in triglycerides level, blood pressure by end of the treatment period. Conclusions: Results indicate the different predictors for reduction in weight, glycemia and blood pressure on aGLP-1 therapy. In addition to the metabolic parameters, level of orexigenic and anorexigenic hormones and psycho-social characteristics of patients help to estimate an expected effect of aGLP-1 therapy. When being identifying, the predictors of weight loss and the predictors of carbohydrate metabolism compensation should be studied separately. Identification of response predictors is necessary to optimize indications for this group of drugs administration in DM2

Observation of discrete vortex solitons in optically-induced photonic lattices

We report on the frst experimental observation of discrete vortex solitons in two-dimensional optically-induced photonic lattices. We demonstrate strong stabilization of an optical vortex by the lattice in a self-focusing nonlinear medium and study the generation of the discrete vortices from a broad class of singular beams.Comment: 4pages, 5 colour figures. to appear in PR

Stable ring vortex solitons in Bessel optical lattices

Stable ring vortex solitons, featuring a bright-shape, appear to be very rare in nature. However, here we show that they exist and can be made dynamically stable in defocusing cubic nonlinear media with an imprinted Bessel optical lattice. We find the families of vortex lattice solitons and reveal their salient properties, including the conditions required for their stability. We show that the higher the soliton topological charge, the deeper the lattice modulation necessary for stabilization.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letter