Clinical-morphological parallels of the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and its detection in the general population has reached a global scale. Despite the fact that in the early stages the disease is characterized by a relatively mild period, the development during its natural course of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma causes deterioration of long-term forecast. Growing evidence indicates that NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted etiology, involving many factors, including genetic. In the present review, we focused on the genetic component of NAFLD, namely, the role of the PNPLA3 gene polymorphism in the development and course of the disease, and States its progression, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Supernovae - Optical Precursors of Short Gamma-Ray Bursts

The probability of observing "supernova - gamma-ray burst" (GRB) pair events and recurrent GRBs from one galaxy in a time interval of several years has been estimated. Supernova explosions in binary systems accompanied by the formation of a short-lived pair of compact objects can be the sources of such events. If a short GRB is generated during the collision of a pair, then approximately each of ~300 short GRBs with redshift z must have an optical precursor - a supernova in the observer's time interval <2(1+z)yr. If the supernova explosion has the pattern of a hypernova, then a successive observation of long and short GRBs is possible. The scenario for the generation of multiple GRBs in collapsing galactic nuclei is also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure; this paper has the e-precursor arXiv:1101.3298 [astro-ph.HE

Women’s experience of divorce. Acta biomedica scientifica

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the experience of women going through the situation of divorce at different stages of the divorce and post-divorce period.Methods. The study was carried out at the intersection of idiographic and nomothetic approaches. At the first stage, the specifics of the experience of experiencing divorce in the online space are described, revealed through an interpretive-phenomenological analysis of the content of a closed Internet forum (n = 297). On the second – the specifics of emotional perception, cognitive assessment and coping with the situation of divorce, depending on the post-divorce experience (n = 50).Results. The experience of divorce by women is accompanied by ambivalent emotions, activates the understanding of the situation and coping with it. Online communication is an effective strategy focused on getting support, self-change, designing the future, allowing you to experience a sense of community in a life situation while maintaining psychological safety. The assessment of the divorce situation and coping strategies are specific: women who have gone through a divorce less than 3 years ago are more likely to seek social support; from 3 to 10 years – prefer the strategy of “flight-avoidance”; more than 10 years ago – “positive revaluation”. Conclusion. The experience of women experiencing the situation of divorce, including emotional, cognitive and conative components, is specific depending on the stage of the divorce and post-divorce period. An effective mechanism for shaping the experience of experiencing a divorce is network communication in a closed group of people who have similar problems

Swift J164449.3+573451 event: generation in the collapsing star cluster?

We discuss the multiband energy release in a model of a collapsing galactic nucleus, and we try to interpret the unique super-long cosmic gamma-ray event Swift J164449.3+573451 (GRB 110328A by early classification) in this scenario. Neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes can form evolutionary a compact self-gravitating subsystem in the galactic center. Collisions and merges of these stellar remnants during an avalanche contraction and collapse of the cluster core can produce powerful events in different bands due to several mechanisms. Collisions of neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes can generate gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) similar to the ordinary models of short GRB origin. The bright peaks during the first two days may also be a consequence of multiple matter supply (due to matter release in the collisions) and accretion onto the forming supermassive black hole. Numerous smaller peaks and later quasi-steady radiation can arise from gravitational lensing, late accretion of gas onto the supermassive black hole, and from particle acceleration by shock waves. Even if this model will not reproduce exactly all the Swift J164449.3+573451 properties in future observations, such collapses of galactic nuclei can be available for detection in other events.Comment: 7 pages, replaced by the final versio

Superlong GRBs

We searched for anomalously long GRBs (GRBs) in the archival records of the Burst and Transient Sources Experiment (BATSE). Ten obvious superlong (>500 s) GRBs with almost continuous emission episodes were found. Nine of these events are known from the BATSE catalog, but five have no duration estimates; we found one burst for the first time. We also detected events with emission episodes separated by a long period of silence (up to 1000 s) with a total duration of 1000--2000 s. In the latter case, we cannot reach an unequivocal conclusion about a common origin of the episodes due to the BATSE poor angular resolution. However, for most of these pairs, the probability of a coincidence of independent GRBs is much lower than unity, and the probability that all of these are coincidences is 10E-8. All of the events have a hardness ratio (the ratio of the count rates in different energy channels) typical of GRBs, and their unique duration is unlikely to be related to their high redshifts. Superlong bursts do not differ in their properties from typical long (>2 s) GRBs. We estimated the fraction of superlong GRBs (>500 s) among the long GRBs in the BATSE sample with fluxes up to 0.1 ph cm^{-2} s^{-1} to be between 0.3 and 0.5%, which is higher than the estimate based on the BATSE catalog.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, translation is made by Astronomy Letter

Применение методов ELISA и иммуноблота для выявления аутоантител против рековерина в сыворотке крови больных мелкоклеточной карциномой легких

Paraneoplastic (onconeural) antigens involve normal high-specific for the nervous system proteins which could be also expressed by tumor cells outside the nervous system. While entering the blood vessels paraneoplastic antigens initiate an autoimmune process resulted in production of autoantibodies which evoke paraneoplastic neurological syndrome occurrence. One of the paraneoplastic antigens — Ca2+-binding protein recoverin — can be expressed by some tumors' cells and induce autoimmune injury of the retina. We compared ELISA and immunoblotting methods to detect autoantibodies against recoverin in sera of lung cancer patients and demonstrated the ELISA to be non-specific whereas the immunoblotting is quite sensitive and specific for serial analysis of sera of lung cancer patients to detect the anti-recoverin autoantibodies.К паранеопластическим (онконевральным) антигенам относят белки, которые в норме высокоспецифичны для нервной системы, но при злокачественной трансформации могут экспрессироваться также клетками раковой опухоли, локализованными вне нервной системы. При попадании в кровяное русло паранеопластические антигены инициируют аутоиммунный процесс, в результате чего генерируются аутоантитела, которые, преодолевая гематотканевый барьер, вызывают развитие паранеопластического неврологического синдрома. Один из паранеопластических антигенов — Са2+-связывающий белок рековерин — может экспрессироваться клетками некоторых опухолей и тем самым индуцировать аутоиммунный процесс, приводя в конечном счете к развитию аутоиммунной дегенерации сетчатки. В этой работе мы провели сравнение применения методов ELISA и иммуноблота для определения аутоантител против рековерина в сыворотке крови больных раком легких и показали, что метод ELISA неспецифичен, в то время как иммуноблот обладает необходимыми специфичностью и чувствительностью, достаточными для серийного анализа сыворотки крови больных раком легких на присутствие в них аутоантител против рековерина