22 research outputs found
Holocene vegetation in Europe
Holocen je naziv geoloÅ”ke epohe koja je zapoÄela prije 11 000 godina, a dio je veÄeg geoloÅ”kog perioda ā kvartara. U kvartaru se dogodila posljednja glacijacija u Zemljinoj proÅ”losti koja je bila obilježena zahlaÄenjem i nastankom velikih lednih pokrova na obje hemisfere, kroz viÅ”e ledenih doba. ZavrÅ”etkom posljednjeg ledenog doba zapoÄela je epoha holocena. Klimatske promjene koje su se dogodile krajem kvartara temelje se na varijacijama u raspodjeli sunÄeve energije na Zemljinoj povrÅ”ini, ovisno o promjeni orbitalnih parametara Zemlje. Posljedica toga bile su kontinuirane promjene u sastavu vegetacije koja je dominirala krajolikom. U ovom radu napravljen je kratki pregled promjena u vegetaciji koje su se odvijale na prostoru Europskog kontinenta kroz epohu holocena. Prikazane su rekonstrukcije rasprostranjenosti vegetacije za razdoblja od prije 9 000, 6 000 i 3 000 godina. Kroz povijest Äovjek je bio jedan od važnih modifikatora okoliÅ”a, ali smatra se da je presudan Äimbenik za promjene u vegetaciji ipak bila klima. TakoÄer su prikazane i neke simulacije promjena u distribuciji najvažnijih europskih vrsta koja bi se mogla dogoditi u iduÄim desetljeÄima i stoljeÄima.11 000 years before present initiated a geological epoch named Holocene, which is part of a larger geological period ā the Quaternary. Last glaciation in the Earth's history took place in the Quaternary, including several ice ages in which ice sheets covered large parts of both Earth's hemispheres. The epoch of Holocene began by the end of the last ice age. Variations in solar energy distribution along the surface of the Earth occured in connection with the changes in orbital parameters. As a result, continuous changes occured in dominating vegetation. In this work, a brief review was made for vegetation changes on the European continent during the Holocene epoch. Reconstructions of the vegetation distribution for periods 9 000, 6 000 and 3 000 years before were also shown. Throughout history, man has been an important environmental modificator, but in case of the Holocene vegetational changes it is considered that the major factor, however, was climate. In addition, a few simulations for future changes in vegetational patterns of some European taxons were represented
Holocene vegetation in Europe
Holocen je naziv geoloÅ”ke epohe koja je zapoÄela prije 11 000 godina, a dio je veÄeg geoloÅ”kog perioda ā kvartara. U kvartaru se dogodila posljednja glacijacija u Zemljinoj proÅ”losti koja je bila obilježena zahlaÄenjem i nastankom velikih lednih pokrova na obje hemisfere, kroz viÅ”e ledenih doba. ZavrÅ”etkom posljednjeg ledenog doba zapoÄela je epoha holocena. Klimatske promjene koje su se dogodile krajem kvartara temelje se na varijacijama u raspodjeli sunÄeve energije na Zemljinoj povrÅ”ini, ovisno o promjeni orbitalnih parametara Zemlje. Posljedica toga bile su kontinuirane promjene u sastavu vegetacije koja je dominirala krajolikom. U ovom radu napravljen je kratki pregled promjena u vegetaciji koje su se odvijale na prostoru Europskog kontinenta kroz epohu holocena. Prikazane su rekonstrukcije rasprostranjenosti vegetacije za razdoblja od prije 9 000, 6 000 i 3 000 godina. Kroz povijest Äovjek je bio jedan od važnih modifikatora okoliÅ”a, ali smatra se da je presudan Äimbenik za promjene u vegetaciji ipak bila klima. TakoÄer su prikazane i neke simulacije promjena u distribuciji najvažnijih europskih vrsta koja bi se mogla dogoditi u iduÄim desetljeÄima i stoljeÄima.11 000 years before present initiated a geological epoch named Holocene, which is part of a larger geological period ā the Quaternary. Last glaciation in the Earth's history took place in the Quaternary, including several ice ages in which ice sheets covered large parts of both Earth's hemispheres. The epoch of Holocene began by the end of the last ice age. Variations in solar energy distribution along the surface of the Earth occured in connection with the changes in orbital parameters. As a result, continuous changes occured in dominating vegetation. In this work, a brief review was made for vegetation changes on the European continent during the Holocene epoch. Reconstructions of the vegetation distribution for periods 9 000, 6 000 and 3 000 years before were also shown. Throughout history, man has been an important environmental modificator, but in case of the Holocene vegetational changes it is considered that the major factor, however, was climate. In addition, a few simulations for future changes in vegetational patterns of some European taxons were represented
Raznolikost orhideja (Orchidaceae) u zbirci Hrvatskog Herbarija sensu stricto (ZA)
The collection of orchids within Herbarium Croaticum sensu stricto keeps as many as 1373 herbarium sheets, belonging to 91 taxa (25 genera, 76 species, 11 subspecies and four hybrids). The majority of the collection originates from Croatia while the rest are from neighbouring countries (Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Italy, North Macedonia and Montenegro). The most numerous genera are Orchis, Ophrys and Anacamptis, while the most numerous taxa are Gymnadenia conopsea, Platanthera bifolia, Anacamptis morio, Neotinea tridentata, Cephalanthera longifolia and Dactylorhiza maculata. The oldest herbarium sheets date back to 1883 and the average age of the collection is 113 years. The main collectors are Ljudevit Rossi, Dragutin Hirc and Ambroz HaraÄiÄ. The collection keeps holotypes and isotypes of Epipactis rivularis and Ophrys dinarica, while exsiccates of Malaxis monophyllos, Herminium monorchis and Ophrys Ć muellneri are the only evidence of their existence in Croatia. All sheets were digitized and are publically available via virtual herbarium.Zbirka orhideja u Hrvatskom herbariju sensu stricto sadrži ukupno 1373 herbarijskih listova, koji pripadaju 91 svojti (25 rodova, 76 vrsta, 11 podvrsta i Äetiri hibrida). VeÄina zbirke potjeÄe iz Hrvatske i nekoliko susjednih zemalja (Slovenija, Srbija, Bosna i Hercegovina, Italija, Sjeverna Makedonija i Crna Gora). Najbrojniji rodovi su Orchis, Ophrys i Anacamptis, a vrste Gymnadenia conopsea, Platanthera bifolia, Anacamptis morio, Neotinea tridentata, Cephalanthera longifolia i Dactylorhiza maculata. Najstariji primjerci potjeÄu iz 1883., a prosjeÄna starost zbirke je Äak 113 godina. Glavni sakupljaÄi su Ljudevit Rossi, Dragutin Hirc i Ambroz HaraÄiÄ. U zbirci se Äuvaju holotipovi i izotipovi vrsta Epipactis rivularis i Ophrys dinarica, a eksikati Malaxis monophyllos, Herminium monorchis i Ophrys Ć muellneri su jedini dokaz postojanja ovih vrsta u Hrvatskoj. Svi herbarijski primjerci su digitalizirani i javno su dostupni preko virtualnog herbarija
U potrazi za invazivnim stranim svojtama: studija sluÄaja iz herbarijskih zbirki ZA & ZAHO
Herbarium collections are the most reliable source of historical data available with respect to alien plants. A review of the ZA and ZAHO herbarium collections revealed the presence of as many as 1,152 specimens of invasive alien plant species (IAS), belonging to 70 plant taxa. The extent of sampling invasive taxa was not constant over time; a high 67% of the collection has been collected since the Second World War, with the collection peaking between 1900 and 1920, between 1960 and 1970 and in the years after 2010. Herbarium records of 17 taxa revealed that they first appeared in Croatia much earlier than was known from the literature so far. In order to enhance its public availability, the collection of IAS studied has been digitised and published in the virtual herbarium.Herbarijske zbirke predstavljaju najpouzdanije povijesne izvore podataka o stranim biljnim vrstama. Unutar zbirki ZA i ZAHO pronaÄena su ukupno 1152 herbarijska lista sa 70 invazivnih biljnih svojti. Intenzitet sakupljanja invazivnih svojti nije bio konstantan kroz vrijeme, Äak 67 % zbirke sakupljeno je nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, a vrhunci sakupljanja bili su od 1910. do 1920., od 1960. do 1970., te nakon 2010. godine. Herbarijski primjerci 17 vrsta dokazuju njihovu prvu pojavu u Hrvatskoj mnogo prije nego Å”to je dosad bilo poznato iz literature. Kako bi se poveÄala javna dostupnost zbirke, svi primjerci su digitalizirani i objavljeni u virtualnom herbariju
Novi nalazi rijetke hladnovodne zlatnožute alge Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan (Chrysophyceae) u Hrvatskoj
Two new sites with benthic freshwater alga Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan have been discovered in Dinaric Ecoregion of Croatia. The sites are located in two karst watercourses: Kupa River and SluÅ”nica River. Both sites are non-shadowed aquatic habitats, with developed vegetation characteristic for clear, running waters. The alga was found during summer months at its disintegration stage, and during autumn at the beginning of its growing stage. In the Kupa River, incrusted calcium carbonate was found within the thalli of H. foetidus. After the first known record in Bijela Rijeka River from 2015, our findings represent the second and the third known localities of this species in Croatia. Even though the vegetation composition indicates high ecological status of the sites, future anthropogenic impacts and climatic changes could become a threat to this underexplored species in Croatia.Dva nova nalaza bentiÄke slatkovodne alge Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan zabilježena su u dinarskoj ekoregiji u Hrvatskoj. Nalazi su locirani u dva krÅ”ka vodotoka: rijeka Kupa i SluÅ”nica. Na oba istražena nalaziÅ”ta alga raste na nezasjenjenim staniÅ”tima s vodenom vegetacijom makrofita karakteristiÄnom za Äiste tekuÄe vode. Alga je uoÄena tijekom ljeta u fazi raspadanja talusa te tijekom jeseni u poÄetnoj fazi rasta. Na talusu jedinki iz rijeke Kupe primijeÄen je inkrustat kalcijevog karbonata. Nakon nalaza u Bijeloj rijeci 2015. godine, ovi nalazi predstavljaju drugi i treÄi nalaz ove rijetke vrste u Hrvatskoj. Iako sastav vegetacije ukazuje na vrlo dobro ekoloÅ”ko stanje na oba nalaziÅ”ta, moguÄi antropogeni pritisci i klimatske promjene u buduÄnosti mogli bi ugroziti ovu nedovoljno istraženu vrstu u Hrvatskoj
Kustosi u akciji: revizija i digitalizacija roda Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae) u herbarijskim zbirkama ZA, ZAHO, CNHM i ZAGR
A total of 289 herbarium sheets with 803 specimens from the genus Fritillaria within ZA, ZAHO, CNHM and ZAGR collections were digitized. Altogether 23 taxa were registered within studied collections. The exsiccata originate from 20, mostly European countries; however 72% are from Croatia. The revision of the herbarium sheets collected in Croatia resulted with five native taxa and their historical distributional data for the country. The average age of the collected specimens was 85 years. Based on our herbaria revision, the area of distribution of F. messanensis ssp. gracilis greatly increased.Digitalizacijom roda Fritillaria (kockavica) u herbarijskim zbirkama ZA, ZAHO, CNHM i ZAGR obuhvaÄeno je ukupno 289 herbarijskih listova s 803 jedinke. Zabilježene su ukupno 23 svojte. Eksikati potjeÄu iz 20 uglavnom europskih država, od Äega 72 % iz Hrvatske. Revizijom herbarijskih listova sakupljenih na podruÄju Hrvatske zabilježeno je pet autohtonih svojti kockavica te su dobiveni povijesni podaci o njihovoj rasprostranjenosti. ProsjeÄna starost herbarijskih primjeraka je 85 godina. Revizijom herbarijskih primjeraka areal svojte F. messanensis ssp. gracilis je znaÄajno poveÄan
Vodeno bilje Hrvatske: Podaci proizaŔli iz herbarijske zbirke ZA
As many as 963 herbarium sheets featuring 76 aquatic plant taxa from the ZA collection were digitised and published online through the Virtual Herbarium. Aquatic plants have been collected over a period of 176 years, with three peaks (second decade of the 20th century, in the 1940s and 1950s, and in the current decade). Most of the specimens were collected in Croatia and a smaller number in neighbouring and geographically close countries. The importance of the collection is expressed through the specimens of many rare and threatened species, because it represents the only evidence of their presence in Croatia (the regionally extinct Caldessia parnassifolia, as well as Luronium natans, Callitriche platycarpa, C. truncata, C. hermaphroditica, Potamogeton alpinus, P. compressus, P. polygonifolius, Nuphar Ć spenneriana and Sparganium minimum). The collection in ZA is a valuable source of data about the historical and recent distribution of aquatic plants that constitute a foundation for the estimation of distribution changes, threat assessment and conservation policies.Digitalizirana su 963 herbarijska lista 76 vodenih biljnih svojti iz zbirke ZA, te je omoguÄen javni
pristup ovom materijalu putem online portala Virtualnog herbarija. Vodeno bilje sakupljano je u razdoblju od 176 godina, s tri maksimuma (u drugom desetljeÄu 20. stoljeÄa, tijekom 1940-ih i 1950-ih, te
tijekom recentnog desetljeÄa). VeÄina biljaka je sakupljena na podruÄju Hrvatske, a manji dio u susjednim i zemljopisno bliskim državama. Važnost zbirke oÄituje se u znaÄajnom broju rijetkih i ugroženih
vrsta, za koje je zbirka jedini dokaz njihovog postojanja u Hrvatskoj (regionalno izumrla Caldessia
parnassifolia, zatim Luronium natans, Callitriche platycarpa, C. truncata, C. hermaphroditica, Potamogeton
alpinus, P. compressus, P. polygonifolius, Nuphar Ć spenneriana i Sparganium minimum). Zbirka vodenog
bilja u ZA vrijedan je izvor podataka o povijesnoj i recentnoj rasprostranjenosti vrsta, Ŕto je temelj za
procjenu promjene areala vrsta, procjenu ugroženosti te njihovu zaŔtitu
Glaux maritima L. (Primulaceae), a new plant species in SE Europe
A small population of the circumholoarctic species Glaux maritima L. (Primulaceae) was discovered in the Mediterranean part of Croatia, on the bank of the River Zrmanja. This is the first record of G. maritima in
SE Europe, and the third record in the Mediterranean, apart from in Spain and the Asian part of Turkey. It was found on the open riverbank within sub-halophytic vegetation, forming a small population of several dozen erect stems, most probably clonally propagated. The site is characterized by a periodic intrusion of seawater. We propose to classify this species as critically endangered (CR) on a national level due to the small population size and the fragile habitat, which requires active protection and conservation
Clinical Recommendation for Diagnostics, Treatment and Monitoring of Patients with Prostate Cancer
Adenokarcinom prostate najÄeÅ”Äa je zloÄudna neoplazma u muÅ”karaca u Republici Hrvatskoj. KliniÄki je Äesto asimptomatski, a najÄeÅ”Äe se otkriva na osnovi poviÅ”enih vrijednosti PSA u serumu. Odluka o lijeÄenju
donosi se na temelju TNM-klasifikacije, gradusne skupine i vrijednosti PSA. KliniÄki lokalizirana bolest vrlo se uspjeÅ”no lijeÄi radikalnom prostatektomijom ili radikalnom radioterapijom s hormonskom terapijom ili bez nje. KliniÄki lokalno uznapredovala bolest najÄeÅ”Äe se lijeÄi združenom primjenom radikalne radioterapije i hormonske
terapije. Metastatska bolest godinama se može kontrolirati androgenom deprivacijom, a nakon razvoja kastracijski rezistentne bolesti opravdani su kemoterapija ili dodatni oblici hormonske terapije. U radu su prikazane kliniÄke upute radi ujednaÄenja postupaka i kriterija postavljanja dijagnoze, lijeÄenja i praÄenja bolesnika s rakom prostate u Republici Hrvatskoj.Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common solid neoplasm in male population in Croatia. It is often asymptomatic. The finding of PSA rise is the most common reason for diagnostic workout. Treatment plan is
based on TNM classification, grade group and PSA. Clinically localized disease is successfully treated by radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy. Locally advanced disease is treated with radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Metastatic disease can be controlled for many years by androgen deprivation. For castration resistant metastatic disease appropriate treatment is chemotherapy or secondary hormonal therapy. The following paper presents the clinical guidelines to standardize procedures for the diagnosis, treatment and
follow-up of patients with prostate cancer in the Republic of Croatia