41 research outputs found
Could the collective guarantee mechanism be detrimental to individualsâ international litigation capacity?
From the âGreen Turnâ to the Recognition of an Autonomous Right to a Healthy Environment: Achievements and Challenges in the Practice of UN Treaty Bodies
Since the end of the 2010s, some of the UN human rights treaty bodies have affirmed and enhanced statesâ obligations in relation to the environment. This âgreen turn,â deeply influenced by the jurisprudence of the regional human rights tribunals and the work of UN Special Procedures, raises the question of the potential recognition of an autonomous right to a healthy environmentâthat is, a free-standing right that is not primarily derived from existing human rights. The claim of this essay is that in the absence of a clear mandate from states to the treaty bodies to monitor the implementation of the right, its symbolic affirmation will have only limited impact. Inspired by the discussions at the Council of Europe on the adoption of a new Protocol to the European Convention of Human Rights, states at the UN level should go further and work toward a binding protocol. However, this raises the difficult issue of connecting the right to civil and political rights, to economic, social, and cultural rights, or to a specific instrument such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Ultimately, this essay reflects the shortcomings of the binary approach separating human rights into hermetic categories
International Crimes and the Principle 'Nullum Crimen, Nulla Poena Sine Lege' (Crimes de Droit International et Principe 'Nullum Crimen, Nulla Poena Sine Lege') (French)
Les accords du 17 novembre 2008 Ă©tablissant le cadre juridique de la prĂ©sence amĂ©ricaine en Irak et de la coopĂ©ration entre les deux Ătats
The accords signed between the United States and the Iraqi government in November 2008 and that came into force on 1 January 2009 mark a new phase in the process by which Iraq is to recover its full sovereignty. Being the outcome of a lengthy stand-off between the Bush administration and the Iraqi government, they are intended essentially to organize the withdrawal of US troops, to determine their temporary status on Iraqi soil and to set out guidelines for cooperation on an equal footing between the two states. Taking over from the multinational force whose mandate was extended by the Security Council until 31 December 2008, these agreements are presented as the fi nal step towards restoring Iraqâs â legal status and international standingâ to the situation that prevailed before the fi rst sanctions were imposed on it in 1990.Les accord signĂ©s entre les Ătats-Unis et le gouvernement irakien en novembre 2008 et entrĂ©s en vigueur au 1er janvier 2009 marquent une nouvelle phase dans le processus de recouvrement par lâIrak de sa pleine et entiĂšre souverainetĂ©. Fruit dâun long bras de fer entre lâadministration Bush et le gouvernement irakien, ils ont essentiellement pour objet dâorganiser le retrait des troupes amĂ©ricaines, de dĂ©terminer leur statut provisoire sur le sol irakien et de fixer les lignes dâune coopĂ©ration Ă©galitaire entre les deux Ătats. Prenant le relais de la force multinationale dont le mandat a Ă©tĂ© prorogĂ© jusquâau 31 dĂ©cembre 2008 par le Conseil de sĂ©curitĂ©, ces accords se prĂ©sentent comme lâĂ©tape ultime vers la restauration du «statut juridique et de la stature internationale » de lâIrak, prĂ©valant avant lâimposition des premiĂšres sanctions contre lâĂtat en 1990.Tigroudja HĂ©lĂšne. Les accords du 17 novembre 2008 Ă©tablissant le cadre juridique de la prĂ©sence amĂ©ricaine en Irak et de la coopĂ©ration entre les deux Ătats. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 55, 2009. pp. 63-85
Le droit international dans les Ătats dâAmĂ©rique latine : regards sur lâordre juridique argentin
In June 2005, the Supreme Court of Argentina delivered a judgment stating the unconstitutionality of the laws of amnesty adopted in order to cover up the massive and grave violations of human rights committed during the 1970-1980 military regime. To achieve this solution, the Supreme Judges based their reasoning on international law of human rights and in particular the pertinent case-law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights about the right to the truth and justice recognized to the family of the numerous forced-disappeared persons. This 2005 judgment is the starting point of a wider-scope analysis of the place of conventional and customary international law within the Argentinean law and other Latin American States. The study is focused on the sense and scope of Article 75 par. 22 of the Argentina Constitution (revised in 1994) that renders constitutional some of international instruments of protection of human rights. Through the analysis of texts and the case-law of the Supreme Court, the article aims to establish that in spite of the favourable place recognized to a part of international norms - those dedicated to the protection of human beings-it is hard to conclude that Argentina is a widely and unconditionally opened State to international law in its entire. The Argentinean juridical order does not offer the so-searched pure form of monism.En juin 2005, la Cour suprĂȘme argentine a rendu un arrĂȘt dĂ©clarant inconstitutionnelles les lois dâamnistie qui avaient Ă©tĂ© adoptĂ©es pour couvrir les exactions commises durant la dictature militaire des annĂ©es 1980. Pour parvenir Ă cette solution, la juridiction suprĂȘme sâest exclusivement appuyĂ©e sur le droit international des droits de lâhomme et en particulier, les arrĂȘts pertinents de la Cour interamĂ©ricaine des droits de lâhomme consacrant le droit Ă la vĂ©ritĂ© et Ă la justice des familles des victimes de disparitions forcĂ©es. Cette importante dĂ©cision sert de point de dĂ©part Ă une analyse plus large de la place du droit international conventionnel et coutumier en droit argentin et dans dâautres Ătats dâAmĂ©rique latine. Lâanalyse est spĂ©cialement centrĂ©e sur le sens et la portĂ©e de lâarticle 75 § 22 de la Constitution argentine (rĂ©visĂ©e en 1994) qui a pour objet de constitutionnaliser un certain nombre dâinstruments internationaux de protection des droits de lâhomme. Au travers de lâanalyse des textes et de la jurisprudence interne, lâarticle a pour objectif de dĂ©montrer que si une place trĂšs favorable est rĂ©servĂ©e Ă une certaine catĂ©gorie de normes internationales âącelles protĂ©geant la personne -, il est pourtant difficile dâen conclure Ă une ouverture totale et inconditionnelle du systĂšme interne Ă lâordre juridique international. Si le droit argentin semble tendre vers une forme trĂšs avancĂ©e de monisme, il nâen constitue pas encore lâillustration pratique.Tigroudja HĂ©lĂšne. Le droit international dans les Ătats dâAmĂ©rique latine : regards sur lâordre juridique argentin. In: Revue internationale de droit comparĂ©. Vol. 60 N°1,2008. pp. 89-119
Les accords du 17 novembre 2008 Ă©tablissant le cadre juridique de la prĂ©sence amĂ©ricaine en Irak et de la coopĂ©ration entre les deux Ătats
La Cour interamĂ©ricaine des droits de l'homme au service de « l'humanisation du droit international public ». Propos autour des rĂ©cents arrĂȘts et avis
Tigroudja HĂ©lĂšne. La Cour interamĂ©ricaine des droits de l'homme au service de « l'humanisation du droit international public ». Propos autour des rĂ©cents arrĂȘts et avis. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 52, 2006. pp. 617-640
El derecho a un medio ambiente sano en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Europea de Derechos Humanos
Le régime d'occupation en Iraq
Tigroudja HélÚne. Le régime d'occupation en Iraq. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 50, 2004. pp. 77-101
Le juge administratif français et l'effet direct des engagements internationaux
International audienc