Iowa\u27s Archaeological Past

Review of: Iowa\u27s Archaeological Past. Alex, Lynn M

Hartley Fort Ceramics

The Hartley phase ceramics from the Hartley Fort are grouped into two wares, Hartley ware and French Creek ware, and four types, Hartley Plain, Hartley Tool Impressed, Hartley Crosshatched and French Creek Cord Impressed. This ceramic assemblage shows a blending of decorative traits commonly associated with well-established Late Woodland period pottery types of the Driftless Region and with early Plains Village ceramic complexes such as Cambria and Mill Creek. These features along with Mississippian trade pottery suggest the presence of cultural contact and interactive cultural change among Late Woodland groups of eastern Iowa, Plains Village farmers, and developmental Mississippian cultures with Hartley phase peoples. Comparative study indicates that formal and decorative characteristics of the Hartley Fort ceramic assemblage were present as individual types or components of types in earlier ceramic phases in the region. It is argued that these diverse ceramic styles coalesced in eastern Iowa circa AD 900 into the distinctive Hartley phase ceramic assemblage along the same developmental lines that led to Plains Village ceramic assemblages

An Overview of Oneota Sites in Southeastern Iowa: A Perspective From the Ceramic Analysis of the Schmeiser Site, 13DM101, Des Moines County, Iowa

A ceramic typology for Oneota pottery from the Schmeiser site indicates that the typology is regional in scope. Assessment of the cultural relationships among Oneota sites in southeast Iowa and the state resulted in: l) establishment of an Oneota taxonomy based on site location, changes in shoulder and rim decoration and time; and 2) development of the concept of synchronous change in shoulder motifs on Oneota pottery. It is also suggested that the geographical distribution of radiocarbon dated Oneota sites which share similar shoulder motifs supports migration legends on the spread of Chiwere speaking Siouan groups onto the prairie plains

Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Transformation Across the Midcontinent

Review of: Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Transformation across the Mid-Continent. Emerson, Thomas E.; McElrath, Dale L.; and Fortier, Andrew C., ed

An Archaeological Research Design for the Western Iowa Loess Hills

In an effort to make archaeological knowledge of Loess Hills prehistory more comprehensive, a three stage archaeological research design is outlined. It involves: (1) obtaining an unbiased sample of archaeological sites through probabilistic survey; (2) evaluating sites identified in terms of function, age and cultural affiliation; and (3) examining selected sites with specific problem-oriented research in mind. The research goal is to test the proposition that there were unique, prehistoric Loess Hills adaptations among groups who utilized the region

Circadian Variation of Brain Histamine in Goldfish

Teleosts may make an excellent model to study brain histamine function. Fishes are phylogenetically closer to the basic vertebrate blueprint than higher vertebrates. They appear to have a simpler histaminergic system in terms of central nervous system distribution and, contrary to higher vertebrates, brain histamine appears to be strictly neuronal. In this preliminary study, we examined circadian variation of brain histamine in goldfish, Carassius auratus, as this neurotransmitter correlates with circadian behavior of some mammals. Two groups of juvenile goldfish were held in 24 60L aquaria, six fish per aquarium, on reversed photoperiods; L:D 12:12 with light onset either at 0700 or 1900 h. Fish were sampled every 4 h. At a sampling time, all the fish in a tank were taken; each sampling, for both groups, was done in replicate. Brain histamine was determined by immunoassay. There was a significant circadian variation in histamine on both photoperiod regimes with the highest levels during the photophase. These results support the hypothesis of an early phylogenic role for histamine in vertebrate circadian physiology

Primary Closure without Diversion in Management of Operative Blunt Duodenal Trauma in Children

Background. Operative blunt duodenal trauma is rare in pediatric patients. Management is controversial with some recommending pyloric exclusion for complex cases. We hypothesized that primary closure without diversion may be safe even in complex (Grade II-III) injuries. Methods. A retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons\u27 Trauma Center database for the years 2003-2011 was performed to identify operative blunt duodenal trauma at our Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. Inclusion criteria included ages \u3c 14 years and duodenal injury requiring operative intervention. Duodenal hematomas not requiring intervention and other small bowel injuries were excluded. Results. A total of 3,283 hospital records were reviewed. Forty patients with operative hollow viscous injuries and seven with operative duodenal injuries were identified. The mean Injury Severity Score was 10.4, with injuries ranging from Grades I-IV and involving all duodenal segments. All injuries were closed primarily with drain placement and assessed for leakage via fluoroscopy between postoperative days 4 and 6. The average length of stay was 11 days; average time to full feeds was 7 days. No complications were encountered. Conclusion. Blunt abdominal trauma is an uncommon mechanism of pediatric duodenal injuries. Primary repair with drain placement is safe even in more complex injuries

An Efficient, Green Chemical Synthesis of the Malaria\ud Drug, Piperaquine

To provide a robust, efficient synthesis of the malaria drug piperaquine for potential use in resource-poor settings. We used in-process analytical technologies (IPAT; HPLC) and a program of experiments to develop a synthesis of piperaquine that avoids the presence of a toxic impurity in the API and is optimized for overall yield and operational simplicity. A green-chemical synthesis of piperaquine is described that proceeds in 92 – 93 % overall yield. The chemistry is robust and provides very pure piperaquine tetraphosphate salt (> 99.5 %). The overall process utilizes modest amounts (about 8 kg/kg) of 2-propanol and ethyl acetate as the only organic materials not incorporated into the API; roughly 60 % of this waste can be recycled into the production process. This process also completely avoids the formation of a toxic impurity commonly seen in piperaquine that is otherwise difficult to remove. An efficient synthesis of piperaquine is described that may be useful for application in resource-poor settings as a means of expanding access to and reducing the cost of ACTs

Imaging Active Infection in vivo Using D-Amino Acid Derived PET Radiotracers.

Occult bacterial infections represent a worldwide health problem. Differentiating active bacterial infection from sterile inflammation can be difficult using current imaging tools. Present clinically viable methodologies either detect morphologic changes (CT/ MR), recruitment of immune cells (111In-WBC SPECT), or enhanced glycolytic flux seen in inflammatory cells (18F-FDG PET). However, these strategies are often inadequate to detect bacterial infection and are not specific for living bacteria. Recent approaches have taken advantage of key metabolic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, allowing easier distinction between bacteria and their host. In this report, we exploited one key difference, bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, to detect living bacteria using a positron-labeled D-amino acid. After screening several 14C D-amino acids for their incorporation into E. coli in culture, we identified D-methionine as a probe with outstanding radiopharmaceutical potential. Based on an analogous procedure to that used for L-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C] L-Met), we developed an enhanced asymmetric synthesis of D-[methyl-11C]methionine ([11C] D-Met), and showed that it can rapidly and selectively differentiate both E. coli and S. aureus infections from sterile inflammation in vivo. We believe that the ease of [11C] D-Met radiosynthesis, coupled with its rapid and specific in vivo bacterial accumulation, make it an attractive radiotracer for infection imaging in clinical practice

The Grizzly, September 2, 2004

Governor Ed Rendell Visits Ursinus; Presents $5 Million State Grant for Performing Arts Center • Inside Scoop: What\u27s New at UC • I Am a Gay American : Reactions from the UC Community • Ursinus Safety Concerns: Past, Present, and Future • Dean Levy Announces New Faculty • Opinions: On a Date Between a Man and a Woman, Who Should Pay? • Summer Renovations at the Myrin Library • Jazzman\u27s Opens Cafe in Myrin Library • Fall Sports Outlook 2004: Editor\u27s Predictionshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1562/thumbnail.jp