Vergiftungen bei Kleinkindern und Akzeptanz neuer Notfallmassnahmen durch Aerzte, Laien-Ersthelfer und die betroffenen Kinder: Inzidenz- und Interventionsstudie. Projekt B 8 Schlussbericht

SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F 01 B 508 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Phase Transformations in the Brazing Joint during Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of a γ-TiAl Alloy Studied with In Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction

TiAl alloys are increasingly used as a lightweight material, for example in aero engines,which also leads to the requirement for suitable repair techniques. Transient liquid phase bonding isa promising method for the closure of cracks (in non-critical or non-highly loaded areas). Thebrazing solder Ti-24Ni was investigated for brazing the alloy Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.2B-0.2C (in at. %).After brazing, the joint exhibits different microstructures and phase compositions.The transient liquid phase bonding process was investigated in the middle of the joint region insitu to acquire time resolved information of the phases, their development, and thus the brazingprocess.These investigations were performed using high-energy X-ray diffraction at the “High-EnergyMaterials Science” beamline HEMS, located at the synchrotron radiation facility PETRA III atDESY in Hamburg, Germany. For this, we used an induction furnace, which is briefly describedhere.During the analysis of the diffraction data with Rietveld refinement, the amount of liquid wasrefined with Gaussian peaks and thus could be quantified. Furthermore, while brazing four differentphases occurred in the middle of the joint region over time. Additionally, the degree of ordering ofthe βo phase was determined with two ideal stoichiometric phases (completely ordered anddisordered). Altogether, the phase composition changed clearly over the first six hours of thebrazing process

Pseudohypoaldosteronism in eight families: Different forms of inheritance are evidence for various genetic defects

Pseudohypoaldosteronism is a rare hereditary disorder presenting in early infancy with renal salt loss leading to hyponatremia and hyperkalemia despite high levels of plasma aldosterone. The patients are insensitive to mineralocorticoids; however, sodium supplementation is able to correct electrolyte abnormalities. Absent or greatly diminished type I aldosterone receptors in peripheral mononuclear leucocytes have been recently demonstrated and explain the lack of response to mineralocorticoids. We have studied the mode of inheritance in eight families with a total of nine patients. There was evidence for an autosomal recessive form of inheritance in four families, while the other four families appeared to have an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. In three families the autosomal recessive form was characterized by normal receptor as well as hormone data in both parents, while in one family receptor levels in both parents were greatly reduced, but hormone levels were normal. In the four families with an autosomal dominant mode of transmission there was always one parent with reduced receptor binding in peripheral mononuclear leucocytes and elevated serum hormone levels. These parents were entirely asymptomatic. In an extended family we were able to study an aunt and her newborn daughter, who were both also biochemically affected but clinically asymptomatic. It, therefore, appears that this dual pattern of genetic transmission may indicate differing genetic defects which cause the same clinical picture of pseudohypoaldosteronism.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

A high-speed x-ray radiography setup for in-situ electron beam powder bed fusion at PETRA III

A high-energy white synchrotron x-ray beam enables penetration of relatively thick and highly absorbing samples. At the P61A White Beam Engineering Materials Science Beamline, operated by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon at the PETRA III ring of the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), a tailored x-ray radiography system has been developed to perform in-situ x-ray imaging experiments at high temporal resolution, taking advantage of the unprecedented x-ray beam flux delivered by ten successive damping wigglers. The imaging system is equipped with an ultrahigh-speed camera (Phantom v2640) enabling acquisition rates up to 25 kHz at maximal resolution and binned mode. The camera is coupled with optical magnification (5x, 10x) and focusing lenses to enable imaging with a pixel size of 1,35 micrometre. The scintillator screens are housed in a special nitrogen gas cooling environment to withstand the heat load induced by the beam, allowing spatial resolution to be optimized down to few micrometres. We present the current state of the system development, implementation and first results of in situ investigations, especially of the electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) process, where the details of the mechanism of crack and pore formation during processing of different powder materials, e.g. steels and Ni-based alloys, is not yet known

Neurological, respiratory, musculoskeletal, cardiac and ocular side-effects of anti-PD-1 therapy

BACKGROUND Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies represent an effective treatment option for metastatic melanoma and other cancer entities. They act via blockade of the PD-1 receptor, an inhibitor of the T-cell effector mechanisms that limit immune responses against tumours. As reported for ipilimumab, the anti-PD-1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab can induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These side-effects can involve skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, the endocrine system and other organ systems. Since life-threatening and fatal irAEs have been reported, adequate diagnosis and management are essential. METHODS AND FINDINGS In total, 496 patients with metastatic melanoma from 15 skin cancer centres were treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Two hundred forty two side-effects in 138 patients have been analysed. In 77 of the 138 patients side-effects affected the nervous system, respiratory tract, musculoskeletal system, heart, blood and eyes. Not yet reported side-effects such as meningo-(radiculitis), polyradiculitis, cardiac arrhythmia, asystolia, and paresis have been observed. Rare and difficult to manage side-effects such as myasthenia gravis are described in detail. CONCLUSION Anti-PD-1 antibodies can induce a plethora of irAEs. The knowledge of them will allow prompt diagnosis and improve the management resulting in decreased morbidity