Identificación de bacterias marinas cultivables de la ciudad costera Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina

This study identifies marine bacteria obtained from three sites along Comodoro Rivadavia coast, south of Argentina. Seawater and intertidal sediment samples were collected. Two of the sites were located close to the city sewage system (CR1, CR2) and the third one (CR3) was near from an oil buoy. Bacterial counts were performed on four culture media: BBR, BRN, mineral medium with crude oil and gas oil and ENDO for coliforms. The identification of bacteria was performed by using fatty acid methyl esters. The counts resulted positive to total coliforms and faecal coliforms in sites CR1 and CR2 and resulted negative in site CR3 except in autumn. We isolated 469 strains, to which a fatty acid extraction and identification were performed. The system identified 37 genera and 54 species in only 236 strains. The other strains were unidentified because they were not found in Sherlock data base. Pseudoalteromonas was the genus frequently found isolated and the enterobacteria group was conformed by Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Escherichia. The principal components analysis related the winter season to Gram positive strain, and autumn season was asociated to the biggest biodiversity of genera.Este estudio identifica bacterias marinas obtenidas de tres sitios costeros de la ciudad de Comodoro Rivadavia, sur de Argentina. Se tomaron muestras de agua de mar y sedimento del intermareal. Dos de los sitios se ubicaron cerca de desagües cloacales (CR1, CR2) y el tercero (CR3) fue cerca de una boya de carga de hidrocarburos. Se realizaron recuentos bacterianos en cuatro medios de cultivo: BBR, BRN, medio mineral con petróleo gas oil y ENDO para coliformes. Las bacterias fueron identificadas utilizando ácidos grasos metíl esteres. Los recuentos de coliformes totales y fecales fueron positivos en los sitios CR1 y CR2 y negativos para CR3 con excepción de la estación de otoño. Se aislaron 469 cepas a las que se les realizó la extracción de ácidos grasos e identificación. El sistema identificó 37 géneros y 54 especies en solo 236 cepas. Las restantes cepas no fueron identificadas debido a que no se encontraron en la base de datos Sherlock. Pseudoalteromonas fue el género que más frecuentemente se encontró aislado y el grupo de las enterobacterias estuvo integrado por Citrobacter, Enterobacter y Escherichia. El análisis de componentes principales asoció el invierno a las cepas Gram positivas y el otoño se asoció con la mayor biodiversidad de género

Five million years of Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength variability

International audienceAbstract The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) represents the world’s largest ocean-current system and affects global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic ice-sheet stability 1–3 . Today, ACC dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, oceanic density gradients and eddy activity 4 . Whereas palaeoceanographic reconstructions exhibit regional heterogeneity in ACC position and strength over Pleistocene glacial–interglacial cycles 5–8 , the long-term evolution of the ACC is poorly known. Here we document changes in ACC strength from sediment cores in the Pacific Southern Ocean. We find no linear long-term trend in ACC flow since 5.3 million years ago (Ma), in contrast to global cooling 9 and increasing global ice volume 10 . Instead, we observe a reversal on a million-year timescale, from increasing ACC strength during Pliocene global cooling to a subsequent decrease with further Early Pleistocene cooling. This shift in the ACC regime coincided with a Southern Ocean reconfiguration that altered the sensitivity of the ACC to atmospheric and oceanic forcings 11–13 . We find ACC strength changes to be closely linked to 400,000-year eccentricity cycles, probably originating from modulation of precessional changes in the South Pacific jet stream linked to tropical Pacific temperature variability 14 . A persistent link between weaker ACC flow, equatorward-shifted opal deposition and reduced atmospheric CO 2 during glacial periods first emerged during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). The strongest ACC flow occurred during warmer-than-present intervals of the Plio-Pleistocene, providing evidence of potentially increasing ACC flow with future climate warming