Estilos parentais, género e idade, e representações sobre indisciplina em jovens do 3º ciclo

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário, para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia EducacionalEste estudo teve como objetivo principal averiguar se existe relação entre os estilos parentais e as representações que os jovens do 3º ciclo têm sobre a indisciplina. Para aprofundar mais o estudo das representações sobre a indisciplina, foi também estudado a relação entre duas variáveis, o género e a idade. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo exploratório quantitativo, de caráter comparativo e correlacional. Todas as hipóteses a que se pretendia dar resposta foram respondidas através de um inquérito por questionário preenchido pelos alunos. A amostra é constituída por 296 alunos (157 do sexo feminino e 139 do sexo masculino) do 3º ciclo, com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 17 anos, de duas escolas da rede pública do distrito de Setúbal. Através da análise dos resultados, concluiu-se que existem diferenças significativas nas representações que os jovens têm sobre indisciplina quando relacionadas com o estilo parental, o género e a idade, confirmando assim todas as hipóteses colocadas.ABSTRACT: This study had as main goal to inquiry if there is a relation between parental styles and the representations that students from 7th, 8th and 9th grade have about indiscipline. To further deepen the study of indiscipline representations, we also studied the relationship between two variables, gender and age. For this, a quantitative, comparative and correlational exploratory study was carried out. All the hypothesis that were intended to be answered were answered through a questionnaire survey completed by the students. The sample consisted of 296 students (157 females and 139 males) from the 7th to the 9th grade, aged 11 to 17 years old, from two public schools in the district of Setúbal. Through the analysis of the results, it was concluded that there are significant differences in the representations that young people have about indiscipline when related to parental style, gender and age, thus confirming all the hypotheses placed

Guar gum as a new antimicrobial peptide delivery system against diabetic foot ulcers Staphylococcus aureus isolates

© 2016 The AuthorsDiabetic patients frequently develop diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), particularly those patients vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus opportunistic infections. It is urgent to find new treatments for bacterial infections. The antimicrobial peptide (AMP) nisin is a potential candidate, mainly due to its broad spectrum of action against pathogens. Considering that AMP can be degraded or inactivated before reaching its target at therapeutic concentrations, it is mandatory to establish effective AMP delivery systems, with the natural polysaccharide guar gum being one of the most promising. We analysed the antimicrobial potential of nisin against 23 S. aureus DFU biofilm-producing isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were determined for nisin diluted in HCl and incorporated in guar gum gel. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon matched-pair test. Nisin was effective against all isolates, including some multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, independent of whether it is incorporated in guar gum. While differences among MIC, MBC and MBIC values were observed for HCl- and guar gum- nisin, no significant differences were found between MBEC values. Inhibitory activity of both systems seems to differ only twofold, which does not compromise guar gum gel efficiency as a delivery system. Our results highlight the potential of nisin as a substitute for or complementary therapy to current antibiotics used for treating DFU infections, which is extremely relevant considering the increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria dissemination. The guar gum gel represents an alternative, practical and safe delivery system for AMPs, allowing the development of novel topical therapies as treatments for bacterial skin infections.The authors would like to acknowledge the Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa [Project UID/CVT/00276/2013, funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal]. This study was also conducted with the financial support of the project PTDC/SAU-MIC/122816/2010: ‘Biofilms in diabetic foot: microbial virulence characterization and cross-talk of major isolates’, funded by the FCT, Portugal. Raquel Santos, Diogo Barros and Ana Salomé Veiga acknowledge the FCT, Portugal, respectively, for two PhD fellowships (SFRH/BD/100571/2014 and PD/BD/113457/2015) and fellowship IF/00803/2012 under the FCT Investigator Programme.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio