Detection of stroboscopic effects in dependence of duty cycle, speed and illuminance level

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that are dimmed by pulse width modulation (PWM) may cause visually uncomfortable stroboscopic effects due to improper selection of operating parameters. Therefore, it is important to understand that the visibility of the stroboscopic effect depends on parameters such as duty cycle, speed, and illuminance level. These dependencies were analysed by using a LED light source illuminating a black-coated rotating disk with a white dot mounted on top of it. Modulating the light source with a square wave signal between 100 Hz and 4200 Hz and different duty cycles (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%), allowed us to determine the subject’s visibility of the stroboscopic effect for different rotation speeds (2m/s, 4m/s, 6m/s) and illuminance levels (100lx, 500lx, 1000lx). Based on the results of these experiments, objective models were developed, which can be used to increase the accuracy and validity of the stroboscopic visibility measure, and effectively reduce the stroboscopic effects

Gravitational Lensing by Transparent Janis-Newman-Winicour Naked Singularities

The Janis-Newman-Winicour (JNW) spacetime can describe a naked singularity with a photon sphere that smoothly transforms into a Schwarzschild black hole. Our analysis reveals that photons, upon entering the photon sphere, converge to the singularity in a finite coordinate time. Furthermore, if the singularity is subjected to some regularization, these photons can traverse the regularized singularity. Subsequently, we investigate the gravitational lensing of distant sources and show that new images emerge within the critical curve formed by light rays escaping from the photon sphere. These newfound images offer a powerful tool for the detection and study of JNW naked singularities.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figure

The function and regulation of heat shock transcription factor in Cryptococcus

Cryptococcus species are opportunistic human fungal pathogens. Survival in a hostile environment, such as the elevated body temperatures of transmitting animals and humans, is crucial for Cryptococcus infection. Numerous intriguing investigations have shown that the Hsf family of thermotolerance transcription regulators plays a crucial role in the pathogen-host axis of Cryptococcus. Although Hsf1 is known to be a master regulator of the heat shock response through the activation of gene expression of heat shock proteins (Hsps). Hsf1 and other Hsfs are multifaceted transcription regulators that regulate the expression of genes involved in protein chaperones, metabolism, cell signal transduction, and the electron transfer chain. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism, Hsf1’s working mechanism has been intensively examined. Nonetheless, the link between Hsfs and Cryptococcus pathogenicity remains poorly understood. This review will focus on the transcriptional regulation of Hsf function in Cryptococcus, as well as potential antifungal treatments targeting Hsf proteins

Exploring Chain-of-Thought Style Prompting for Text-to-SQL

In-context learning with large language models (LLMs) has recently caught increasing attention due to its superior few-shot performance on various tasks. However, its performance on text-to-SQL parsing still has much room for improvement. In this paper, we hypothesize that a crucial aspect of LLMs to improve for text-to-SQL parsing is their multi-step reasoning ability. Thus, we systematically study how to enhance LLMs' reasoning ability through chain of thought (CoT) style prompting, including the original chain-of-thought prompting (Wei et al., 2022b) and least-to-most prompting (Zhou et al., 2023). Our experiments demonstrate that iterative prompting as in Zhou et al. (2023) may be unnecessary for text-to-SQL parsing, and using detailed reasoning steps tends to have more error propagation issues. Based on these findings, we propose a new CoT-style prompting method for text-to-SQL parsing. It brings 5.2 and 6.5 point absolute gains on the Spider development set and the Spider Realistic set, respectively, compared to the standard prompting method without reasoning steps; 2.4 and 1.5 point absolute gains, compared to the least-to-most prompting method.Comment: EMNLP 2023 main; long pape