40,412 research outputs found
Entanglement and quantum phase transitions
We examine several well known quantum spin models and categorize behavior of
pairwise entanglement at quantum phase transitions. A unified picture on the
connection between the entanglement and quantum phase transition is given.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Can an observer really catch up with light
Given a null geodesic with a point in
conjugate to along , there will be a variation of
which will give a time-like curve from to . This is
a well-known theory proved in the famous book\cite{2}. In the paper we prove
that the time-like curves coming from the above-mentioned variation have a
proper acceleration which approaches infinity as the time-like curve approaches
the null geodesic. This means no observer can be infinitesimally near the light
and begin at the same point with the light and finally catch the light. Only
separated from the light path finitely, does the observer can begin at the same
point with the light and finally catch the light.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, submited to Physical Review
Consistent analysis of neutral- and charged-current neutrino scattering off carbon
Background: Good understanding of the cross sections for (anti)neutrino
scattering off nuclear targets in the few-GeV energy region is a prerequisite
for correct interpretation of results of ongoing and planned oscillation
experiments.
Purpose: Clarify possible source of disagreement between recent measurements
of the cross sections on carbon.
Method: Nuclear effects in (anti)neutrino scattering off carbon nucleus are
described using the spectral function approach. The effect of two- and
multi-nucleon final states is accounted for by applying an effective value of
the axial mass, fixed to 1.23 GeV. Neutral-current elastic (NCE) and
charged-current quasielastic (CCQE) processes are treated on equal footing.
Results: The differential and total cross sections for the energy ranging
from a few hundreds of MeV to 100 GeV are obtained and compared to the
available data from the BNL E734, MiniBooNE, and NOMAD experiments.
Conclusions: Nuclear effects in NCE and CCQE scattering seem to be very
similar. Within the spectral function approach, the axial mass from the shape
analysis of the MiniBooNE data is in good agreement with the results reported
by the BNL E734 and NOMAD Collaborations. However, the combined analysis of NCE
and CCQE data does not seem to support the contribution of multi-nucleon final
states being large enough to explain the normalization of the
MiniBooNE-reported cross sections.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, detailed discussion of the role of FSI is adde
One Hour of Chemical Demonstrations
This article describes a diverse set of chemistry demonstrations especially selected to encourage student interaction and to be easily transported. The demonstrations may be presented at a level that can be tailored to any audience– from very young children to high school students planning careers in science. An ideal environment is a small classroom with 20-30 students where everyone can take part in the discussion. Once the chemicals are prepared, the collection of demonstrations takes about ten minutes to set-up, and one hour (or less) to perform. Very little is needed at the visiting site, no more than a table and a pitcher of water. A single electrical outlet is useful, but not essential. In Table 2 th
Any l-state solutions of the Woods-Saxon potential in arbitrary dimensions within the new improved quantization rule
The approximated energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of
the spherical Woods-Saxon effective potential in dimensions are obtained
within the new improved quantization rule for all -states. The Pekeris
approximation is used to deal with the centrifugal term in the effective
Woods-Saxon potential. The inter-dimensional degeneracies for various orbital
quantum number and dimensional space are studied. The solutions for the
Hulth\'{e}n potential, the three-dimensional (D=3), the -wave () and
the cases are briefly discussed.Comment: 15 page
Classification of All Poisson-Lie Structures on an Infinite-Dimensional Jet Group
A local classification of all Poisson-Lie structures on an
infinite-dimensional group of formal power series is given. All
Lie bialgebra structures on the Lie algebra {\Cal G}_{\infty} of
are also classified.Comment: 11 pages, AmSTeX fil
Parasitic Effects Reduction for Wafer-Level Packaging of RF-Mems
In RF-MEMS packaging, next to the protection of movable structures,
optimization of package electrical performance plays a very important role. In
this work, a wafer-level packaging process has been investigated and optimized
in order to minimize electrical parasitic effects. The RF-MEMS package concept
used is based on a wafer-level bonding of a capping silicon substrate to an
RF-MEMS wafer. The capping silicon substrate resistivity, substrate thickness
and the geometry of through-substrate electrical interconnect vias have been
optimized using finite-element electromagnetic simulations (Ansoft HFSS). Test
structures for electrical characterization have been designed and after their
fabrication, measurement results will be compared with simulations.Comment: Submitted on behalf of TIMA Editions
(http://irevues.inist.fr/tima-editions
Constrained structure of ancient Chinese poetry facilitates speech content grouping
Ancient Chinese poetry is constituted by structured language that deviates from ordinary language usage [1, 2]; its poetic genres impose unique combinatory constraints on linguistic elements [3]. How does the constrained poetic structure facilitate speech segmentation when common linguistic [4, 5, 6, 7, 8] and statistical cues [5, 9] are unreliable to listeners in poems? We generated artificial Jueju, which arguably has the most constrained structure in ancient Chinese poetry, and presented each poem twice as an isochronous sequence of syllables to native Mandarin speakers while conducting magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording. We found that listeners deployed their prior knowledge of Jueju to build the line structure and to establish the conceptual flow of Jueju. Unprecedentedly, we found a phase precession phenomenon indicating predictive processes of speech segmentation—the neural phase advanced faster after listeners acquired knowledge of incoming speech. The statistical co-occurrence of monosyllabic words in Jueju negatively correlated with speech segmentation, which provides an alternative perspective on how statistical cues facilitate speech segmentation. Our findings suggest that constrained poetic structures serve as a temporal map for listeners to group speech contents and to predict incoming speech signals. Listeners can parse speech streams by using not only grammatical and statistical cues but also their prior knowledge of the form of language
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