Estimating resource bounds for software transactions

We present an effect based static analysis to calculate upper and lower bounds on the memory resource consumption in a transactional calculus. The calculus is a concurrent variant of Featherweight Java extended by transactional constructs. The model supports nested and concurrent transactions. The analysis is compositional and takes into account implicit join synchronizations that arise when more than one thread perfom a join-synchronization when jointly committing a transaction. Central for a compositional and precise analysis is to capture as part of the effects a tree-representation of the future resource consumption and synchronization points (which we call joining commit trees). We show the soundness of the analysis

Synthesis of acyclovir as an antiherpes-virus drug

A one-pot process for high-yield regioselective synthesis of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]guanine (acyclovir),  an antiherpetic agent, was achieved from guanine via the steps of reacting of N2,N9 -diprotected guanine with 1-acetyl-2-acetylmethoxy-ethyleneglycol in presence of phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid. Total yield of product was 59%. The obtained acyclovir meets the standards in the British Pharmacopoeia 2007 (BP2007). Its activity as inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) was evaluated according to the plaque reduction assay method and compared with the standard compound. The synthesized acyclovir showed a similar activity as the control. Keywords: Acyclovir, Herpes simplex virus, Nucleoside, One- pot synthesis

Examining the effects of lead on the life of larval zebrafish (1-7 days old)

Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal and and can cause variety of disorders and effect on neu-ronal function and neurodevelopment. Using zebrafish as a model, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrations of Pb2+ on the life of zebrafish larvae (from 1 to 7 days old)yesBelgorod State Universit

THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE SPILLOVER EFFECT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT

Purpose of the study: Innovation is seen as the key to improving quality and productivity, thereby promoting competition and economic growth. This study analyzes the impact of innovation on economic growth through various measures, such as research and development spending, the number of researchers, number of patents as well as trademark registrations. Research results are evidence to recommend policies for intellectual-based economic growth. Methodology: Literature review and empirical analysis conducted in the study. The empirical method is a two-step System Generalize Methods of Moments (GMM), aiming at reliable results. Accessing the World Bank Database, research data from 64 developed and developing countries are collected from 2006 to 2014. Main Findings: The empirical findings show that innovation plays a crucial contribution in promoting economic growth, similar to national openness and government spending on education. This study also finds a positive impact on foreign investment flows and their spillover role in enhancing the correlation between innovation and economic growth. Applications of this study: The findings of this study focus on the contributions of innovation, foreign direct investment inflows, and other macro factors that can be enforced to improve economic growth by policymakers. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study uses different measures of innovation, including inputs such as the number of researchers, research and development expenditure, and outputs as the number of patents and number of trademark registrations. Empirical findings are found consistently, thus confirming that innovation is very important for economic growth. The study also shows convincing evidence confirming the positive contribution of foreign direct investment as well as its spillover effect on innovation and economic growth

Occurrence, Toxicity and Adsorptive Removal of the Chloramphenicol Antibiotic in Water: A Review

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. We present the adsorption performance of adsorbents such as biochar, activated carbon, porous carbon, metal-organic framework, composites, zeolites, minerals, molecularly imprinted polymers, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of dose, pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time is discussed. Adsorption is controlled by π-π interactions, donor-acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. We also discuss isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic data, selection of eluents, desorption efficiency, and regeneration of adsorbents. Porous carbon-based adsorbents exhibit excellent adsorption capacities of 500-1240 mg

High order numerical schemes for transport equations on bounded domains

This article is an account of the NABUCO project achieved during the summer camp CEMRACS 2019 devoted to geophysical fluids and gravity flows. The goal is to construct finite difference approximations of the transport equation with nonzero incoming boundary data that achieve the best possible convergence rate in the maximum norm. We construct, implement and analyze the so-called inverse Lax-Wendroff procedure at the incoming boundary. Optimal convergence rates are obtained by combining sharp stability estimates for extrapolation boundary conditions with numerical boundary layer expansions. We illustrate the results with the Lax-Wendroff and O3 schemes

An HPLC Quantitative Analysis of Paraquat in Human Plasma: A Helpful Tool for Diagnosis and Evaluation of Treatment of Paraquat Poisoning in Vietnamese Hospitals

In this paper, the paraquat (PQ) concentrations in plasma of poisoned patients were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with a DAD detector followed simple extraction of PQ from plasma. The sample was simply pretreated with 15% trichloroacetic acid for deproteinization and directly injected to HPLC system. PQ in plasma was separated on a C8 column HPLC system using 2 channel mobile phase (A and B) with a volume ratio of 5:95, respectively. Channel A was 5% acetonitrile (ACN) and Channel B was a mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), sodium 1-heptanesulphonate (0.11% w / v), KCl (0.20% w / v), polyethylene glycol G400 (0.20% v / v) and methanol (20% v / v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.5 mL/min. The method detection limit (MDL) is 0.013 ?g/ mL and the quantitative limit is 0.040 ?g/ mL. The recovery of PQ in plasma samples was 96.1% - 105.9 % at 5 different concentrations ranging from 0.040 ?g / mL to 10.00 ?g/ mL. The within- and between-day relative standard deviations were all less than 0.82% and 1.43% respectively. The method was successfully applied for determining paraquat concentrations in plasma samples of 31 acute paraquat poisoned patients at Poison Control Center, Bach Mai hospital, Vietnam. Quantitative results revealed that plasma PQ level was a key factor for prognosis and hemoperfusion using resin membrane had significant effect in removing PQ from the blood