Board Gender Diversity, Bank Risk and Performance: Evidence from Vietnam

The focus of this article is on the correlation between board diversity, financial performance, and risk. In particular, the study examines the presence of female and foreign directors on corporate boards. The research uses a sample of 15 Vietnamese listed banks during 2014-2020. The findings indicate that the number of female directors on boards does not have a significant relationship with bank performance or risk. Additionally, the study reveals a negative relationship between the presence of foreign directors and bank risk.   CITE THIS PAPER: Hong, L. T. T.; Ngan, C. T. T. (2023). “Board Gender Diversity, Bank Risk and Performance: Evidence from Vietnam” Journal of World Economy: Transformations & Transitions (JOWETT) 3(06):26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52459/jowett3626052

CORDICのハードウェア構成及び応用に関する研究

電気通信大学201

USING METAPHOR IN EFL CLASSROOM TO ENHANCE WRITING SKILLS: A CASE STUDY

This study is aimed to investigate the effects of using metaphor in the development of writing skill as well as find out the challenges learners may face, then propose the suitable suggestions to boost metaphoric awareness and competence in learning English. The writer conducted two measuring instruments: pro- and pre-test for two groups (control and experimental) to examine the effectiveness of using metaphor in writing; two questionnaires to measure the attitude of the students towards using metaphor in writing that was conducted basing on a 5 point Likert-scale. The studys participants were 40 English major students at Hanoi Law University. The findings from the study showed that learners with the instruction from teachers on metaphor in songs when writing tended to get better scores than the other ones. However, they also showed that although it is important to learn metaphor, a lot of challenges still maintain. The paper hopefully helps learners have new insight into aspects of figurative language studies and pedagogical applications

HOW DO SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCE THE PROBABILITY OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION? EVIDENCE FROM A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY

Financial inclusion can be understood as the provision of financial services in a convenient and appropriate way to meet the needs of society, help vulnerable groups have opportunities, and promote sustainable economic growth. This study uses a probit regression model with 200 observations collected from November 1 to December 31, 2019, to examine how socio-demographic characteristics influence the probability of financial inclusion in Vietnam. The results show that human capital, education, and living in urban areas increase personal financial inclusion, while age has an inverse relationship with financial inclusion. Based on the analysis results, we recommend some solutions to promote financial inclusion, especially by applying financial technology and supplying more services to Vietnamese people

Healthcare consumers’ sensitivity to costs: a reflection on behavioural economics from an emerging market

Decision-making regarding healthcare expenditure hinges heavily on an individual's health status and the certainty about the future. This study uses data on propensity of general health exam (GHE) spending to show that despite the debate on the necessity of GHE, its objective is clear—to obtain more information and certainty about one’s health so as to minimise future risks. Most studies on this topic, however, focus only on factors associated with GHE uptake and overlook the shifts in behaviours and attitudes regarding different levels of cost. To fill the gap, this study analyses a dataset of 2068 subjects collected from Hanoi (Vietnam) and its vicinities using the baseline-category logit method. We evaluate the sensitivity of Vietnamese healthcare consumers against two groups of factors (demographic and socioeconomic-cognitive) regarding payment for periodic GHE, which is not covered by insurance. Our study shows that uninsured, married and employed individuals are less sensitive to cost than their counterparts because they value the information in reducing future health uncertainty. The empirical results challenge the objections to periodic health screening by highlighting its utility. The relevance of behavioural economics is further highlighted through a look at the bounded rationality of healthcare consumers and private insurance companies in using and providing the service, respectively

Young single women using abortion in Hanoi, Vietnam

This study describes the population characteristics among a hospital-based sample of single women who experienced an abortion in Hanoi, Viet Nam. Data were obtained from topical and in-depth interviews with women in two Hanoi hospitals, a district health center, and a private clinic in Hadong, a Hanoi suburb. The total sample consisted of 279 single women. 75% were residents of Hanoi. In-migrants had lived in Hanoi for an average of 4 years. Over 80% lived with their parents or relatives, of whom 60% lived in privately-owned housing. Nearly 20% lived alone. Nearly 40% had a college education; almost 50% had completed secondary school. The average monthly income was 358,000 dong. Over 95% had a boyfriend at the time of the survey. 33% had engaged in their first sexual intercourse within the prior year. The average duration between first sex and abortion was about 15 months. Among those with the first boyfriend, the interval was shorter (7 months). About 45% waited 6 months before having their first sexual intercourse; 38% waited 1 year. Among first abortion users, under 20% had ever used a contraceptive method. The few that had used contraception used it ineffectively. Almost 50% had never talked about sexuality with anyone. Over 93% believed that the pregnancy could have been avoided. Most desired high-quality printed information and a youth-specific health center. Qualitative findings revealed misconceptions about contraception. Following abortion, most did not want another unwanted pregnancy. The implications for policies and programs are identified