In-medium effective chiral lagrangians and the pion mass in nuclear matter

We argue that the effective pion mass in nuclear matter obtained from chiral effective lagrangians is unique and does not depend on off-mass-shell extensions of the pion fields as e.g. the PCAC choice. The effective pion mass in isospin symmetric nuclear matter is predicted to increase slightly with increasing nuclear density, whereas the effective time-like pion decay constant and the magnitude of the density-dependent quark condensate decrease appreciably. The in-medium Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation as well as other in-medium identities are studied in addition. Finally, several constraints on effective lagrangians for the description of the pion propagation in isospin symmetric, isotropic and homogenous nuclear matter are discussed. (Talk presented at the workshop ``Hirschegg '95: Hadrons in Nuclear Matter'', Hirschegg, Kleinwalsertal, Austria, January 16-21, 1995)Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX, some typographical errors correcte

S-wave Meson-Nucleon Interactions and the Meson Mass in Nuclear Matter from Chiral Effective Lagrangians

Chiral effective lagrangians may differ in their prediction of meson-nucleon scattering amplitudes off-meson-mass-shell, but must yield identical S-matrix elements. We argue that the effective meson mass in nuclear matter obtained from chiral effective lagrangians is also unique. Off-mass-shell amplitudes obtained using the PCAC choice of pion field must therefore not be viewed as fundamental constraints on the dynamics, the determination of the effective meson mass in nuclear matter or the possible existence of meson condensates in the ground state of nuclear matter. This hypothesis is borne out by a calculation of the effective mass in two commonly employed formulations of chiral perturbation theory which yield different meson-nucleon scattering amplitudes off-meson-mass-shell.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, 2 Postscript figures (fig1.ps, fig2.ps

Investigating consumer motivations for sustainable hotel practices and the effect on satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty

Sustainable hotel practices focus on minimizing the negative impact of hospitality operations on the environment and the global climate. Hotels are resource demanding utilizing more water and electricity and generating more solid waste per person than in a residential setting. Public concern over environmental degradation is growing in step with consumer demand for sustainable business practices. This study employed the theory of planned behavior to understand better the underlying motivations of hotel guests to engage in the sustainable efforts of hotel practitioners. Structural equation modeling was used to empirically investigate what drives guest motivations toward participation in sustainable hotel practices and what the effect is on guest satisfaction and loyalty formation. Many hotel brands offer loyalty points or discount vouchers as an encouragement to guests to participate in sustainable practices. Aligned with the theory of planned behavior, the structural equation analysis revealed consumer attitude toward a behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively affect intention to engage in sustainable practices. Consumer concern for the environment, subjective norms, hedonic beliefs, and self-image congruence were evaluated as positive, motivating variables toward engagement in sustainable practices, along with the actual act of engaging in sustainable practices. The effects of engaging in sustainable practices on guest satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty were evaluated as well as the moderating effect of involving guests in sustainable practices. The study revealed customers’ intrinsic motivations were more significant in motivating them to engage in sustainable activities than external rewards. The discussion includes reflections on managerial and theoretical implications

Kaon condensation at finite temperature

A new formulation is presented to treat thermal fluctuations around the kaon condensate, based on chiral symmetry. Separating the zero mode from the beginning we perform the imaginary-time path integral to the one loop to get the thermodynamic potential at finite temperature. The role of the Goldstone mode in the kaon condensed phase is elucidated in relation to the equation of state.Comment: 14 pages, 2 postscript figures, Phys. Lett. B(1998) in pres

Delayed Collapse of Protoneutron Stars with Kaon Condensate

Equation of state with kaon condensate is derived for isentropic and neutrino-trapped matter. Both are important ingredients to study the delayed collapse of protoneutron stars. Solving the TOV equation, we discuss the static properties of protoneutron stars and implications for their delayed collapse.Comment: 6 pages, to appear in Proceedings of PANIC9

Protoneutron Stars with Kaon Condensation and their Delayed Collapse

Properties of protoneutron stars are discussed in the context of kaon condensation. Thermal and neutrino trapping effects are very important ingredients to study them. By solving the TOV equation, we discuss the static properties of protoneutron stars and the possibility of the delayed collapse during their evolution.Comment: 33pages,15 figures, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.

Navigating Disruptions: A Multiple Case Study on the Role of AI in Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience

MSc in International Business and TradeToday's business environment is marked by disruptions, making supply chain resilience more crucial than ever. Technological advancements have evolved faster than their implementation rate, despite research indicating that AI enhances supply chain resilience and offers a competitive advantage. Although interest in supply chain resilience and AI has grown, there is a lack of research on how AI contributes to resilience across industries. Thus, this study aims to investigate how two MNCs in the automotive and pharmaceutical industries have implemented and see AI boosting their supply chain resilience, highlighting the differences by examining facilitators and challenges. To fulfill this purpose, a qualitative method with an abductive approach was used, creating a conceptual framework to illustrate theoretical models before, during, and after a disruption. Based on twenty semi-structured interviews, the results showed that companies face different facilitators and challenges depending on product characteristics and regulations. Overall, common challenges in implementing AI are data quality, regulations, and human capabilities. Supply chain visibility was identified as the most important facilitator and potential outcome of AI integration, yet it remains unattainable today. Proactive strategies were seen as more crucial than reactive ones, and resilience is an ongoing effort that companies must continually cultivate and enhance

Neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung by electrons in neutron star crusts

Neutrino-pair bremsstrahlung by relativistic degenerate electrons in a neutron-star crust at densities (10^9 - 1.5x10^{14}) g/cm^3 is analyzed. The processes taken into account are neutrino emission due to Coulomb scattering of electrons by atomic nuclei in a Coulomb liquid, and electron-phonon scattering and Bragg diffraction (the static-lattice contribution) in a Coulomb crystal. The static-lattice contribution is calculated including the electron band-structure effects for cubic Coulomb crystals of different types and also for the liquid crystal phases composed of rod- and plate-like nuclei in the neutron-star mantle (at 10^{14} - 1.5x10^{14} g/cm^3). The phonon contribution is evaluated with proper treatment of the multi-phonon processes which removes a jump in the neutrino bremsstrahlung emissivity at the melting point obtained in previous works. Below 10^{13} g/cm^3, the results are rather insensitive to the nuclear form factor, but results for the solid state near the melting point are affected significantly by the Debye-Waller factor and multi-phonon processes. At higher densities, the nuclear form factor becomes more significant. A comparison of the various neutrino generation mechanisms in neutron star crusts shows that electron bremsstrahlung is among the most important ones.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX using aa.cls and epsf.sty. A&A, in pres

Thermal and Quantum Fluctuations in the Kaon Condensed Phase

A new formulation is presented to treat thermal and quantum fluctuations around the kaon condensate on the basis of chiral symmetry; separating the zero-mode from the beginning and using the path-integral method, we can formulate the inclusion of fluctuations in a transparent way. Nucleons as well as kaons are treated in a self-consistent way to the one-loop order. The effects of the Goldstone mode, stemming from the breakdown of V- spin symmetry in the condensed phase, are figured out. A procedure is discussed to renormalize the divergent integrals properly up to the one-loop order. Consequently the thermodynamic potential is derived. It is pointed out that the zero-point fluctuation by nucleons gives a sizable effect, different from the kaonic one.Comment: 27 page

Kaon Energies in Dense Matter

We discuss the role of kaon-nucleon and nucleon-nucleon correlations in kaon condensation in dense matter. Correlations raise the threshold density for kaon condensation, possibly to densities higher than those encountered in stable neutron stars.Comment: RevTeX, 11 pages, 2 PostScript figures; manuscript also available, in PostScript form, at http://www.nordita.dk/locinfo/preprints.htm