Relationships of Race and Socioeconomic Status to Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Rural African American and Non-Hispanic White Women

This study examines the potential racial disparity in postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms among a cohort of non-Hispanic white and African American women after taking into consideration the influence of socioeconomic status (SES). Participants (N = 299) were recruited from maternity clinics serving rural counties, with over-sampling of low SES and African Americans. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered 1 and 6 months postpartum, and subjective SES scale at 6 months postpartum. Demographic information was collected during enrollment and 1 month postpartum, with updates at 6 months postpartum. Separate logistic regressions were conducted for 1 and 6 month time points for minor-major PPD (EPDS ≥ 10) and major PPD (EPDS > 12); with marital status, poverty, education, subjective SES, and race predictors entered in block sequence. After including all other predictors, race was not a significant predictor of minor-major or major PPD at 1 or 6 months postpartum. Subjective SES was the most consistent predictor of PPD, being significantly associated with minor-major PPD and major PPD at 6 months postpartum, with higher subjective SES indicating lower odds of PPD, even after accounting for all other predictors. This study shows that significant racial disparities were not observed for minor-major or major PPD criteria at 1 or 6 months postpartum. The most consistent and significant predictor of PPD was subjective SES. Implications of these findings for future research, as well as PPD screening and intervention are discussed

4-H guinea pig project

Published July 1986. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

IMPORTANCE: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals. OBJECTIVE: To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective observational cohort study of adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection at 85 enrolling sites (hospitals, health centers, community organizations) located in 33 states plus Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico. Participants who were enrolled in the RECOVER adult cohort before April 10, 2023, completed a symptom survey 6 months or more after acute symptom onset or test date. Selection included population-based, volunteer, and convenience sampling. EXPOSURE: SARS-CoV-2 infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: PASC and 44 participant-reported symptoms (with severity thresholds). RESULTS: A total of 9764 participants (89% SARS-CoV-2 infected; 71% female; 16% Hispanic/Latino; 15% non-Hispanic Black; median age, 47 years [IQR, 35-60]) met selection criteria. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 or greater (infected vs uninfected participants) for 37 symptoms. Symptoms contributing to PASC score included postexertional malaise, fatigue, brain fog, dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, palpitations, changes in sexual desire or capacity, loss of or change in smell or taste, thirst, chronic cough, chest pain, and abnormal movements. Among 2231 participants first infected on or after December 1, 2021, and enrolled within 30 days of infection, 224 (10% [95% CI, 8.8%-11%]) were PASC positive at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A definition of PASC was developed based on symptoms in a prospective cohort study. As a first step to providing a framework for other investigations, iterative refinement that further incorporates other clinical features is needed to support actionable definitions of PASC

Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Adult Study Protocol: Rationale, Objectives, and Design

IMPORTANCE: SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in ongoing, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects after the acute phase of infection; termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or long COVID. The characteristics, prevalence, trajectory and mechanisms of PASC are ill-defined. The objectives of the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC in Adults (RECOVER-Adult) are to: (1) characterize PASC prevalence; (2) characterize the symptoms, organ dysfunction, natural history, and distinct phenotypes of PASC; (3) identify demographic, social and clinical risk factors for PASC onset and recovery; and (4) define the biological mechanisms underlying PASC pathogenesis. METHODS: RECOVER-Adult is a combined prospective/retrospective cohort currently planned to enroll 14,880 adults aged ≥18 years. Eligible participants either must meet WHO criteria for suspected, probable, or confirmed infection; or must have evidence of no prior infection. Recruitment occurs at 86 sites in 33 U.S. states, Washington, DC and Puerto Rico, via facility- and community-based outreach. Participants complete quarterly questionnaires about symptoms, social determinants, vaccination status, and interim SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, participants contribute biospecimens and undergo physical and laboratory examinations at approximately 0, 90 and 180 days from infection or negative test date, and yearly thereafter. Some participants undergo additional testing based on specific criteria or random sampling. Patient representatives provide input on all study processes. The primary study outcome is onset of PASC, measured by signs and symptoms. A paradigm for identifying PASC cases will be defined and updated using supervised and unsupervised learning approaches with cross-validation. Logistic regression and proportional hazards regression will be conducted to investigate associations between risk factors, onset, and resolution of PASC symptoms. DISCUSSION: RECOVER-Adult is the first national, prospective, longitudinal cohort of PASC among US adults. Results of this study are intended to inform public health, spur clinical trials, and expand treatment options

Do Financial Aggregates Lead Activity?: A Preliminary Analysis

It is frequently argued that an increase in the rate of growth of money or credit will lead to an increase in economic activity. This paper addresses this issue by looking at the lead/lag relationship between a range of financial aggregates and several measures of economic activity for Australia over the past decade. The paper concludes, on the basis of a range of tests, that monetary and credit aggregates tend to lag, or at best move contemporaneously with, economic activity. There is very little evidence that changes in the trend of money and credit portend future changes in economic activity.

Desenvolvimento de Ferramentas Analíticas para o Rastreamento de Fontes Fecais: Acção-piloto 3 do Projecto ICREW : sumário executivo

A Agência Ambiental de Inglaterra e País de Gales assegurou o financiamento EU INTERREG IIIB de um projecto denominado ‘ICREW’ – Melhorar as Águas Costeiras e Recreativas. Pretendia-se com o projecto ajudar cinco estados-membro da UE – Reino Unido, Irlanda, França, Portugal e Espanha – a melhorar a qualidade das referidas águas e preparar a implementação de nova legislação da UE respeitante às mesmas. O projecto ICREW foi avaliado em aproximadamente €8m. e era composto por sete projectos, ou “acções piloto”. O projecto ICREW decorreu entre Abril de 2003 e Abril 2006. Uma dessas acções piloto, Acção Piloto 3, que envolvia parceiros da Irlanda, França, Portugal e RU, abordou o tema do rastreamento da fonte microbial da poluição fecal, do ponto de vista regulamentar. O seu objectivo foi “gerar uma ferramenta de trabalho que pode ser usada para distinguir as fontes de poluição que contribuem para uma amostra ambiental”.INTERREG III

Melhor qualidade para as àguas balneares e de recreio. Desenvolvimento do rastreamento de fontes de poluição: Ação-Piloto 3 do Projecto ICREW : sumário executivo

A Agência Ambiental de Inglaterra e País de Gales candidatou-se ao programa INTERREG IIIB, da União Europeia (UE), para financiamento de um projecto denominado ‘ICREW’ – Melhorar a Qualidade das Águas Balneares e de Recreio. Pretendia-se com o projecto ajudar cinco estados-membros da UE – Reino Unido, República da Irlanda, França, Portugal e Espanha – a melhorar a qualidade das referidas águas e preparar a implementação de nova legislação da UE respeitante às mesmas. O projecto ICREW foi avaliado em aproximadamente oito milhões de Euros e era composto por sete sub-projectos, ou “acções piloto”. O projecto ICREW decorreu entre Abril de 2003 e Abril 2006. Uma dessas acções piloto, a Acção Piloto 3, que envolvia parceiros da República da Irlanda, França, Portugal e Reino Unido, abordou o tema investigação da origem de contaminações fecais, microbiológicas numa perspectiva legislativa. O seu objectivo foi criar uma ferramenta de trabalho que possa ser usada para a diferenciação de fontes de poluição que tenham contribuído para a contaminação de amostras ambientais. A qualidade das águas balneares e conquícolas, expressa em termos de concentração de organismos indicadores de contaminação fecal, é normalmente sujeita a uma grande variação num mesmo local. As variações da qualidade são muitas vezes acontecimentos transitórios, pelo que quando controladas pela recolha de amostras de rotina são muitas vezes difíceis de explicar. Esta situação é particularmente frequente em bacias hidrográficas complexas nas quais existe uma grande variedade de fontes de contaminação focais e difusas, umas contínuas, outros intermitentes, com diferentes tempos de percurso até ao ponto de colheita. As técnicas de modelação da qualidade da água podem ser utilizadas para solucionar alguns desses aspectos, dado que cada entrada individual pode ser modelada independentemente ou em combinação com outras. Da mesma forma, podem utilizar-se estudos de rastreio para monitorizar um número limitado de entradas em qualquer momento. Contudo, esses métodos têm as suas limitações e muitas vezes é difícil atribuir a não conformidade a uma fonte ou tipo de fonte individual. A tipagem (caracterização) microbiana permite examinar amostras ambientais de forma tanto qualitativa como quantitativa, atribuindo os indicadores fecais encontrados nas amostras às suas diferentes origens. A bibliografia científica refere vários métodos de caracterização diferentes, contudo nenhum demonstrou ser uma ferramenta geral para a resolução de questões ambientais práticas complexas (neste contexto). O objectivo deste estudo foi criar uma ferramenta prática que pudesse ser usada na diferenciação de fontes de poluição fecal associadas a amostras ambientais. A intenção foi por em prática o uso do rastreio de fontes de contaminação, como uma ferramenta de gestão de bacias hidrográficas na UE. Um dos potenciais benefícios de tal metodologia seria ajudar a atingir os padrões rigorosos relativamente a E. coli e enterococos intestinais, em determinados locais quando for implementada a revisão à actual directiva sobre as águas balneares.EU-ERDF (Interreg IIIB

Validation of host-specific Bacteriodales 16S rRNA genes as markers to determine the origin of faecal pollution in Atlantic Rim countries of the European Union

The recent implementation of the Revised Bathing Water Directive in the European Union has highlighted the need for development of effective methods to differentiate between sources of faecal contamination. It had previously been shown that amplification of 16S rRNA genes of host-specific cacteriodales species using the HF183F and CF128F primers could be used as markers for human and bovine faecal contamination in the United States. This paper determined the sensitivity and specificity of these markers in four Atlantic Rim countries (France, Ireland, Portugal and the United Kingdom) to evaluate their usefulness in determining the origin of faecal contamination. It was shown that the HF183F marker displayed high sensitivity (80–100%) and specificity (91–100%), and is reliable as an indication of human faecal contamination. The CF128F marker displayed 100% sensitivity in all four countries. However, strong regional variations in specificity (41–96%) were observed, highlighting the need for local validation before this marker is employed in source tracking of faecal contamination.INTERREG III

Mid-aged adults' sitting time in three contexts

Background: To develop evidence-based approaches for reducing sedentary behavior, there is a need to identify the specific settings where prolonged sitting occurs, associated factors, and variations