Infants’ expectations about gestures and actions in third-party interactions

We investigated 14-month-old infants’ expectations toward a third party addressee of communicative gestures and an instrumental action. Infants’ eye movements were tracked as they observed a person (the Gesturer) point, direct a palm-up request gesture, or reach toward an object, and another person (the Addressee) respond by grasping it. Infants’ looking patterns indicate that when the Gesturer pointed or used the palm-up request, infants anticipated that the Addressee would give the object to the Gesturer, suggesting that they ascribed a motive of request to the gestures. In contrast, when the Gesturer reached for the object, and in a control condition where no action took place, the infants did not anticipate the Addressee’s response. The results demonstrate that infants’ recognition of communicative gestures extends to others’ interactions, and that infants can anticipate how third-party addressees will respond to others’ gestures

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Microstructure of as cast reinforced ductile iron

Local hardening of parts made of ductile iron may be achieved by having carbides appearing in appropriate locations. The present work focuses on the study of the as cast microstructure of parts reinforced by Cr containing steel inserts. The presence of such inserts in the mold cavity results in localised chemical changes during the casting process, constituents of the insert (principally chromium) being transferred to the cast iron while carbon penetrates the insert. This leads to the formation of various carbides within and in the surroundings of the insert

Transport through an impurity tunnel coupled to a Si/SiGe quantum dot

Achieving controllable coupling of dopants in silicon is crucial for operating donor-based qubit devices, but it is difficult because of the small size of donor-bound electron wavefunctions. Here we report the characterization of a quantum dot coupled to a localized electronic state, and we present evidence of controllable coupling between the quantum dot and the localized state. A set of measurements of transport through this device enable the determination of the most likely location of the localized state, consistent with an electronically active impurity in the quantum well near the edge of the quantum dot. The experiments we report are consistent with a gate-voltage controllable tunnel coupling, which is an important building block for hybrid donor and gate-defined quantum dot devices.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

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Wear property of ductile iron locally reinforced with Cr-containing steel inserts

The influence on the wear properties of ductile iron with Cr-containing steel inserts has been investigated before and after austempering. The microstructure of locally reinforced ductile iron, with and without an austempering treatment, has been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The introduction of such inserts during casting leads to the precipitation of carbides M3C, M7C3 and M23C6 (M stands for Fe and/or Cr) inside the inserts and to M3C and M7C3 in the region surrounding the inserts. After austempering, a partial dissolution of these latter carbides and transformation of the matrix to ausferrite occur. The wear properties of these materials have been evaluated under reciprocating sliding motion using cylinder-on-disc line contact configuration. The results of the present investigation show a better wear behavior of the reinforced material related to the microstructural changes observed