Intensive Linear Pedestrian Survey of Callaghan Road Between Ingram and Bandera Roads and Along Zarzamora Creek, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

November 15 and 16, 2006, The Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an intensive survey of 3.5 miles of Callaghan Road between Ingram and Bandera Roads and along Zarzamora Creek in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The City of San Antonio is planning to widen this section of Callaghan Road and to re-channelize Zarzamora Creek north of Callaghan Road to alleviate flooding in the area. The intensive linear survey was conducted under the Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4320 with Steve A. Tomka serving as Principal Investigator and Jennifer L Thompson as Project Archeologist. This project serves to satisfy the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The project area is in urban west San Antonio and crosses both residential and commercial zones. Buried utilities along Callaghan Road and Zarzamora Creek cross the entire length of the project area. Sections of new right-of-way (ROW) that are relatively undeveloped were selected for shovel testing while both side of Zarzamora Creek were examined by backhoe trenches and shovel tests in efforts to find deeply buried cultural deposits. Other sections of the roadway are paved making subsurface examination difficult. Because of the level of development, CAR targeted approximately .35 miles of the 1.5 new ROW along Callaghan Road. At Zarzamora Creek, wetland mitigation and efforts to reduce flooding will impact 2.31 acres. CAR excavated backhoe trenches and shovel tests in portions of this area most suitable for excavation, away from construction dumps, buried utility lines, fences, etc. While some cultural material were found in one shovel test and in two backhoe trenches in the area of Zarzamora Creek, the artifacts were not in primary context or associated with other artifacts. Fire-cracked rock lay in association with modern plastic and construction material in one shovel test and with alluvial deposits above creek channel gravels in one backhoe trench. Because the APE has seen so much development and the limited cultural material recovered were in questionable context, CAR recommends that the planned construction project proceed. No artifacts were collected during this survey. All notes and project related materials are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research according to Texas Historical Commission guidelines

Who\u27s Afraid of Judicial Activism? Reconceptualizing a Traditional Paradigm in the Context of Specialized Domestic Violence Court Programs

The Specialized Domestic Violence Pilot Project (Pilot Project), implemented in York and Portland in July and August 2002, is the result of the collaborative efforts of the District Court system, law enforcement, prosecutors, members of the defense bar, and various community agencies offering services to victims and perpetrators. District court judges are largely responsible for overseeing the changes in court procedures and implementing the new protocols in domestic violence cases. The Pilot Project, and the changes it is making to the role that courts play in domestic violence cases, represents a significant departure from the procedures followed by traditional court programs. As a result of newly coordinated efforts and increased communication and training, the Pilot Project has the potential to alter the disposition of domestic violence cases in the State of Maine. Given the departure from traditional court models that the Pilot Project represents, and the role that the judicial branch has played in effectuating these new changes, the following questions begin to surface: Is the Pilot Project, and other similar specialized domestic violence court programs around the country, in some way representative of unorthodox judicial action? Could the newly-active role undertaken by the judicial branch to reorganize court structures be conceived of as a form of “activism” unlike that seen in conventional court settings? Finally, if such court programs are in fact examples of judicial activism, are they consequently objectionable or their outcomes subject to accusations of partiality in the same way that are other instances of so called “judicial activism”? This Comment will endeavor to explore some of these questions as they relate to the development and operation of creative judicial programs, particularly within the State of Maine. Specifically, it will focus on the role that Maine\u27s new Pilot Domestic Violence Project plays in adjudicating domestic violence cases and the extent to which the project represents, at the very least a departure from more traditional court programs and is, perhaps, also an example of “judicial activism.

Intensive Pedestrain Survey of Three Tracts to be Impacted by the Planned Expansion of the San Antonio International Airport, Bexar County, Texas

During the months of March and April 2005, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) of The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted a 100 percent intensive pedestrian survey of three tracts of land (totaling 210 acres) for Adams Environmental, Inc. The project area is located within the boundaries of the San Antonio International Airport and the tracts are owned by the City of San Antonio Department of Aviation. The tracts represent the planned locations for the expansion of two runways and land development adjacent to them. The goal of the archaeological survey was to identify and document all prehistoric and/or historic archaeological sites in the project area. The archaeological survey revealed that there were major disturbances in all three tracts. No prehistoric and/or historic sites were encountered and no additional archaeological work is recommended in association with the runway expansion project. The possibility that an alternative Widely Spaced Runway Option would be pursued for airport expansion was also considered as part of this project. The area that would be impacted by this alternative option is located on the northdescending bank of Salado Creek. Additional archaeological work, in the form of a 100 percent intensive pedestrian survey coupled with a standing structure survey, is recommended within this alternative area if this is the final option chosen for development. All artifacts collected during these investigations are curated at the CAR facility according to Texas Historical Commission guidelines. These investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 3619, with Dr. Steve Tomka, CAR director, serving as Principal Investigator

Archaeological Survey and Archival Research of the Naegelin Tract (41BX1600) in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

On December 2 and 3, 2004, the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) conducted a Phase I survey of the 108-acre Naegelin Tract in northwest Bexar County, Texas, for Raba-Kistner Consultants, Inc. The proposed development consists of extending De Zavala Road through the southern portion of the tract and Kyle Seale Road through the eastern margin of the tract. Drainage easements are planned to cross through the center of the property and also along the northern and eastern margins of the tract. Thirty-six shovel tests were excavated along 30-meter transects and in areas considered to have high or moderate probability of buried cultural materials. No buried cultural materials were identified by any of the hand-excavated shovel tests. The survey resulted in the identification of eight isolated finds including one heavily fragmented projectile point that may represent a Bulverde dart point. This was the only artifact collected during the survey. No prehistoric sites were identified within the project area. One historic site was identified during the survey (41BX1600). The survey documented the remains of a main stone building and nine outbuildings on the property. Although an age could not be determined based on the sparse artifacts noted on surface, the site appeared to represent a historic homestead built during the late nineteenth or early twentieth centuries. A 1939 aerial photograph of the area shows that many of the outbuildings and the main stone structure had been built by this date. Comprehensive deed research and oral histories conducted between February and June, 2005, helped to establish that the earliest structures on the complex were built in 1888. This research also revealed the presence of an unmarked grave on the property. Subsequent to the pedestrian survey and prior to the completion of the archival research, the main stone building was severely damaged by fire. The fire damage exposed construction and architectural details not visible during the pedestrian survey. During a subsequent site visit, a tenth wood-framed outbuilding was identified. One isolated stone building of the same construction technique and age remained in good condition following the fire until it was recently torn down during asbestos abatement activities. The principal stone-built structures on the compound were exceptional examples of Texas vernacular architecture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The interior of the main stone structure had been dilapidated through years of neglect and abandonment, nonetheless, it retained structural integrity and exemplified changes in architectural elements over a period of roughly 10 years of additions to the original core structure. Following the fire, and the razing of the only undamaged building on site, the stone buildings retain no structural integrity and the site is not recommended as eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places or for designation as a State Archeological Landmark. No additional archaeological work is recommended in association with this development. These archaeological investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee permit number 3597 with Dr. Raymond P. Mauldin, CAR Assistant Director, serving as Principal Investigator. The single prehistoric artifact collected during the survey and a small number of potentially temporally diagnostic artifacts collected from the surface of 41BX1600 following the fire, as well as all project-related documents are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio

Archaeological Testing Associated with the Stabilization of Room 4 at Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

In May 2006, The Center for Archaeological Research excavated one test unit at the exterior north wall of Room 4, west of the chimney at Mission San Juan Capistrano. The excavation occurred to assess the condition of the foundation and the dimensions of a more recent concrete footing before restoration of the collapsed north wall. The excavation found disturbed deposits throughout the test unit, but was able to locate and record the architectural features for Ford, Powell, and Carson, Architects and Planners, Inc., the project sponsors. A composite map of all excavations conducted at the mission since 1931 is included with descriptions of the agency, dimensions and location of all excavations as reported to aid future cultural resource management of Mission San Juan Capistrano

Intensive Pedestrian Survey Associated with the Enclave Gardens Development Project, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

On May 16, 2007, the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio conducted an archaeological survey of six acres on the Enclave Garden property located in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. The archaeological work was completed for Enclave Gardens, Ltd., in cooperation with Hogan Real Estate Services who planned the construction of a housing development project on the property. Because Olmos Creek runs along the southern property boundary, the City Historic Preservation Office in San Antonio recommended archaeological investigations prior to construction in accordance with the San Antonio Uniform Development Code. There are no federal or state permits, properties or monies associated with the project therefore the Texas Antiquities Permit was not required. Twelve shovel tests were placed across the property revealing water-worn gravels with little soil. All shovel tests contained modern trash or construction materials, though some prehistoric artifacts were found as well. These include three pieces of debitage, a core, and the base of an untypable projectile point. No features were identified during the survey and no sites were recorded. The natural landscape has been previously disturbed as seen in the aerial photograph from 1985, possibly associated with the re-channelization of Olmos Creek. Therefore, since no intact cultural deposits available for research were located, no further archaeological work is recommended on this property. We recommend the proposed development proceed as planned. All artifacts collected during the project as well as all project-associated documentation are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research according to Texas Historical Commission guidelines

A Geoarcheological Survey of the Proposed Plainview Hike and Bike Trail, Hale County, Texas

In March of 2005, the Texas Department of Transportation issued work authorization #575-01-SA005 to the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio to conduct a survey of areas affected by proposed improvements to the Plainview hike and bike trail in southern Plainview, Hale County, Texas. The survey was conduced under Texas Antiquities Permit #3707 between March 31 and April 7, 2005. Steve Tomka and Raymond Mauldin served as Principal Investigators. Trail construction included 2.0 miles of additional construction and 1.3 miles of improvements to existing trails. The Right-of-Way is 50 feet and extends from one to three feet below ground surface. Archeological services included a pedestrian survey, excavation of fifty-five auger tests placed no more than 100 m apart, and twenty-one Gradall trenches. Two of these trenches exposed the stratigraphy of Running Water Draw near the Plainview Site, 41HA1. Bulk samples were collected for OSL dating, diatoms analysis, and lithologic analysis for further examination of the age and stratigraphic context of the Plainview Site, which is a State Archeological Landmark, a National Landmark, and a National Register of Historic Places property. Site 41HA12 was re-examined with 10 mechanical auger tests and 1 trench, which found only recent alluvial and cultural deposition. No additional archeological sites were recorded. This report includes descriptions of the fieldwork, results of the special analyses performed on bulk sediment samples collected, and a discussion of the geomorphology of Running Water Draw with specific focus on the results from trenches excavated near the Plainview Site. The single artifact and all documents and photographs generated from this project are curated at the Center for Archaeological Research at The University of Texas at San Antonio

Nurse Educators\u27 Perceptions of Ecoliteracy in Undergraduate Nursing Education

Introduction: Increased human health concerns related to the natural environment and climate change are having a growing impact on nursing practice. This past year in Canada, for example, British Columbia reported the highest number of heat related deaths, followed by devasting forest fires in many provinces that have disproportionately impacted Indigenous Peoples. Nurses are well positioned to address the direct health impacts associated with climate change. As a result, nurses require an increased level of ecoliteracy to address the health impacts linked to climate change. The role of the nurse in addressing the health impacts of climate change are vast, ranging from direct patient care, education and advocacy, their role includes supporting individuals, communities, and populations to mitigate, adapt and build resiliency in the face of a changing climate. Background: Regulatory and professional associations support the professional emphasis on the significance of ecoliteracy yet there is insufficient understanding of the resistance to the content in nursing curricula. Although current literature supports an increased emphasis on the integration of ecosystem health concerns and the impact on human health within undergraduate nursing education, there is a paucity of empirical evidence regarding nursing educators’ perspectives on the subject. This study is a first step in gaining a greater understanding of the perspectives of nurse educators on ecoliteracy within undergraduate nursing education programs in one Canadian province. Methods: This qualitative research study included 13 nurse educators from three diverse academic settings. Data were collected using semi-structured, open-ended interview questions, followed by content analysis of the data. Results: Data analysis revealed five key themes: 1) Importance of ecoliteracy in undergraduate nursing programs; 2) Current integration of ecoliteracy concepts in curricula; 3) Future considerations for ecoliteracy content; 4) Barriers to the inclusion of content supportive of ecoliteracy in curricula; 5) Strategies to address barriers. While educators feel that ecoliteracy is important in undergraduate nursing, they noted that the current integration of climate content in the curriculum is uneven. Barriers and potential strategies to integrating this content are identified. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used for curriculum revision and to stimulate innovation and research in nursing education. This study creates the opportunity for a larger scale replication study, pilot studies of the integration of concepts that would support ecoliteracy, and further research on the topic. This study identified that many complexities are involved in achieving ecoliteracy in nursing education and suggest that while threading of content can address the urgent need, further research is required to identify entry to practice requirements for undergraduate nursing programs. Résumé Introduction : Les préoccupations grandissantes associées aux liens entre la santé humaine, l’environnement naturel et les changements climatiques touchent de plus en plus la pratique infirmière. Au cours de la dernière année au Canada, la Colombie-Britannique a signalé le plus grand nombre de décès liés à la chaleur, suivie par des incendies de forêt dévastateurs dans de nombreuses provinces qui ont affecté de manière disproportionnée les peuples autochtones. Les infirmières sont bien placées pour faire face aux impacts directs des changements climatiques sur la santé, et doivent donc avoir un niveau plus élevé d’écolittératie afin de composer avec les impacts des changements climatiques sur la santé. Le rôle de l’infirmière dans la lutte contre les impacts du changement climatique sur la santé est vaste, allant des soins directs aux patients, à la formation et à la défense des droits, et comprenant le soutien aux individus, aux communautés et aux populations pour atténuer, favoriser l’adaptation et renforcer la résilience par rapport au changement climatique. Contexte : Les associations réglementaires et professionnelles appuient l’accent mis par les professionnels sur l’importance de l’écolittératie, mais la compréhension de la résistance au contenu des programmes d’études en sciences infirmières est insuffisante. Bien que la littérature actuelle appuie l’importance accrue accordée à l’intégration des préoccupations liées à la santé des écosystèmes et à l’impact sur la santé humaine dans la formation en sciences infirmières au premier cycle, il existe peu de résultats empiriques concernant les perceptions des infirmières enseignantes sur le sujet. Cette étude représente une première étape pour mieux comprendre leurs perspectives sur l’écolittératie dans le cadre des programmes de formation en sciences infirmières au premier cycle dans une province canadienne. Méthode : Cette recherche qualitative incluait 13 infirmières enseignantes de 3 milieux universitaires différents. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide de questions ouvertes lors d’entrevues semi-structurées, suivies d’une analyse de contenu. Résultats : L’analyse des données a dévoilé cinq thèmes clés : 1) L’importance de l’écolittératie dans les programmes en sciences infirmières de premier cycle; 2) Le niveau actuel d’intégration des notions d’écolittératie au sein des programmes d’études; 3) Les considérations pour l’ajout de contenu en matière d’écolittératie à l’avenir; 4) Les obstacles à l’inclusion de contenus favorables à l’écolittératie dans les programmes d’études; et, 5) Les stratégies pour franchir ces obstacles. Bien que les enseignantes estiment que l’écolittératie est importante en sciences infirmières au premier cycle, elles ont noté que l’intégration actuelle de contenu lié au climat dans les programmes d’études est inégale. Les obstacles et les stratégies potentielles à l’intégration de ce contenu sont identifiés. Conclusion : Les résultats de cette étude peuvent servir pour la révision des programmes et pour stimuler l’innovation et la recherche en formation en sciences infirmières. Cette étude crée l’occasion de refaire l’étude à plus grande échelle, de proposer des études pilotes sur l’intégration de concepts qui soutiendraient l’écolittératie et d’autres recherches sur le sujet. Cette étude a mis en évidence de nombreuses complexités qu’implique l’atteinte de l’écolittératie dans la formation en sciences infirmières et suggère que même si la mise en place du contenu peut répondre au besoin urgent, des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer les exigences d’entrée à la pratique au terme des programmes de sciences infirmières de premier cycle