L'éducation interculturelle et sa mise en pratique en Angleterre: quelles influences du communautarisme et du postcolonialisme?

La présente étude vise à explorer l’éducation interculturelle dans le contexte anglais et à comprendre comment ce concept, qui propose une vision non-essentialiste de l’interaction entre les cultures, est compris dans la politique et la pratique de l’éducation en Angleterre. De même, il s’agit de savoir si les approches communautaristes et postcoloniales permettent de clarifier le rôle que joue ce concept dans la politique éducative en Angleterre. Dans ces buts, une méthode de raisonnement principalement inductive a été privilégiée, avec l’observation de l’application de l’éducation interculturelle à travers les analyses d’une école secondaire et de trois centres de recherche londoniens spécialisés dans l’éducation. Ces observations permettent de construire une connaissance de la pratique pour vérifier si les théories existantes de l’éducation interculturelle correspondent à l’interprétation effectuée de la réalité. Ainsi, deux dimensions fondamentales de l’éducation interculturelle structurent la confrontation entre les observations empiriques et la littérature, à savoir l’identité culturelle et les relations de pouvoir. Pour conclure, ce développement mène à une tentative de redéfinition du concept

MODELO TERRITORIAL DE PRODUCCIÓN DEL DAWE (CHENOPODIUM QUINUA WILLD): PROTOCOLOS-SELLOS CAMPESINOS, UNA EXPERIENCIA DE SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA EN EL SUR DE CHILE

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe Objective of this paper is to present the experience of Mapuches' farmers in creating their owner certification system to protect and control the marketing and agricultural, gastronomic and cultural attributes of the quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) This crops has been described from the arrival of the colons at middle of XVI century. Diverse documents like letters, binnacles of trips and botanical identifications by the first naturalists of this period detailed its morphological characteristics and uses that Mapuche was giving (Letters of Pedro de Valdivia (1545) to the King Carlos V, Ignacio Molina (1810), Claudio Gay (1835), the priest Wilhelm Moesbach (1920) and Ricardo Latcham (1922)). Nerveless in the last 50 years this crop almost disappeared. The certification system has been designed with a participative methodology with researches and farmers (Bellon, 2002) during two phases (Interviews and focal groups and development with territorial Mapuche organization). This territorial model for the crops, is elaborated with principles that are sustained in: a) a productive base of territorial character, based on a familiar handcrafted according Mapuche principles, b) the recovery of the historical and cultural root, c) a familiar and organizational control of the productive - commercial process, d) the recovery and use of the local calendar. This farmer protocols protects the attributes of the local agriculture system and it can recognize by a Signal or Stamp which allows guaranteeing a quality from the owner farmers in the market

Extending the Grazing Season With Turnips

A comparison of the actual feeding costs on 86 typical Swiss dairy farms confirmed that the production of hay and grass silage is very expensive with costs from the field to intake in the range of 20-25 Euro cents/kg of dry matter (DM). Options to extend the grazing season for dairy cows in the late autumn and early winter, and hence reduce winter feeding costs, would therefore be welcome (Penrose et al., 1996). The aim of the study was to compare the DM production potential of summer-seeded turnips with other brassicas and Italian ryegrass and to test whether dairy cows can utilize the bulbs of turnips efficiently

Manipulation of Grass Growth Through Strategic Distribution of Nitrogen Fertilisation

The objective of this study was to evaluate possibilities and limits of manipulating the grass growth of pastures by different nitrogen (N) application strategies with the aim to better synchronise grass supply and feed demand. In Switzerland, the use of N is strongly restricted by legislation. An efficient and well allocated N fertilisation is therefore important

Milk Production Performance Based on Grazed Grassland in Switzerland

A common feature of profitable dairy systems is the use of large amounts of low cost feed. One approach to improve the competitive ability of the dairy production therefore is to promote grazing (Dillon et al., 1995). A comparison of the actual feeding costs on typical Swiss dairy farms showed that hay and grass silage were four times and concentrates seven times more expensive than grazed grass. A maximum utilisation of grazed grass can be achieved with a seasonal production system, which synchronises the cow’s feed requirements with pasture growth. This strategy was implemented and consistently optimised on an experimental farm. The aim was to focus more on the achieving of a high yield per hectare and high feed conversion efficiency rather than high yields per cow

IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CRITERIOS UTILIZADOS POR ESPECIALISTAS TRADICIONALES EN LA ADAPTACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD LOCAL EN COMUNIDADES MAPUCHE, REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANÍA (CHILE)

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe objective of this paper is to present the results of a study in four territories in the south of Chile that identify the criteria used by traditional Mapuche specialists relative to adaptation and domestication of vegetal species on his home garden. Studies of Almekinders et al. (2000) and Celis (2003) show that some farmers present a major intensity of seed and plants exchange with her neighbours and that in addition they possess in their lands a major diversity of species and crops varieties compared to the rest of the community. The authors of the study define that these people fulfill a Curator role for the rest of the community. The methodology use quantitative and ethno-ecological analysis recommended by Toledo (2002). In the category "Wild species", the criteria of establishment with major frequency are "value of use", following by the criteria of " symbolic ceremonial value " and in the third place the criteria of "Biodiversity conservation ". In the category "Cultivated species", the criteria of establishment with major frequency is " value of use ", this criteria grouped the 40 % of the motivations, standing out this one to other categories, following by the criteria of " aesthetic and sensory value " and the third criteria "inheritance" with "Biodiversity conservation " present the same percentage. Finally the diversity of criteria, the traditional knowledge for adaptation and domestication of the local biodiversity, make the curators to have a strategic role in biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptability

School is not enough:The role of climate-specific knowledge for transformative climate policy and economic system preferences

Despite risen awareness of human-made climate change, there are still gaps in knowledge about the precise nature and the impact of the climate crisis for many people. This paper investigates to what extent factual knowledge about climate change is linked to publics’ policy preferences regarding climate crisis measures. It expands on existing research by widening the focus beyond climate-specific policy and also investigates whether knowledge about the crisis is connected to preferences for greater state involvement in the economy structurally. Comparing representative survey results from eight European countries and the USA, this paper shows that climate-specific knowledge is indeed strongly linked to both—while greater formal education does not show strong associations or is even linked to a preference for the status quo in some countries. Important cross-country variations and the implications of emphasising climate specific knowledge in advocacy and policy contexts are discussed to demonstrate how enhancing public knowledge could increase support for transformative climate policies and broader economic change.</p

Development of quality indicators of transfer and transition in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease.

BACKGROUND Quality indicators are crucial in evaluating and comparing the quality of healthcare services. In the case of congenital heart disease, transition programmes for adolescents have been recommended to ensure uninterrupted healthcare and lifelong care. It is necessary to establish quality indicators in order to facilitate the evaluation of programme quality and to allow comparison between different centres. The objective of this study is therefore to develop a set of quality indicators for the transition of adolescents with congenital heart disease. METHODS The RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was employed in a four-step process to develop a set of quality indicators. First, a literature search was conducted on the dimensions of transitional care, based on which a preliminary set of quality indicators was developed. Second, experts were contacted, and an expert panel was established. Third, the panel members were asked to rate the appropriateness of the quality indicators in a two-round process. Finally, in the fourth step, we evaluated the data by measuring the median and Disagreement Index. RESULTS The expert panel consisted of 16 members, congenital cardiologists, nurses, transition experts, patients and research experts. The preliminary set of quality indicators comprised 16 items, categorized in process and structure criteria. Based on the panel's feedback, the set was refined to 12 quality indicators, which were rated as relevant and feasible. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first attempt to develop quality indicators for transitional care services for adolescents with congenital heart disease. The set of 12 quality indicators was developed based on existing evidence and expert opinion. Further testing is needed to assess the feasibility of these quality indicators in daily practice. If successfully implemented, these quality indicators could allow comparison and facilitate benchmarking of transitional care services for adolescents with congenital heart disease