IDENTIFICACIÓN DE CRITERIOS UTILIZADOS POR ESPECIALISTAS TRADICIONALES EN LA ADAPTACIÓN DE LA BIODIVERSIDAD LOCAL EN COMUNIDADES MAPUCHE, REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANÍA (CHILE)
N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe objective of this paper is to present the results of a study in four territories in the south of Chile that identify the criteria used by traditional Mapuche specialists relative to adaptation and domestication of vegetal species on his home garden. Studies of Almekinders et al. (2000) and Celis (2003) show that some farmers present a major intensity of seed and plants exchange with her neighbours and that in addition they possess in their lands a major diversity of species and crops varieties compared to the rest of the community. The authors of the study define that these people fulfill a Curator role for the rest of the community. The methodology use quantitative and ethno-ecological analysis recommended by Toledo (2002). In the category "Wild species", the criteria of establishment with major frequency are "value of use", following by the criteria of " symbolic ceremonial value " and in the third place the criteria of "Biodiversity conservation ". In the category "Cultivated species", the criteria of establishment with major frequency is " value of use ", this criteria grouped the 40 % of the motivations, standing out this one to other categories, following by the criteria of " aesthetic and sensory value " and the third criteria "inheritance" with "Biodiversity conservation " present the same percentage. Finally the diversity of criteria, the traditional knowledge for adaptation and domestication of the local biodiversity, make the curators to have a strategic role in biodiversity conservation and climate change adaptability
