Fast Reading of the KDIGO 2012: Guidelines for evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease in clinical practice

The authors of this fast reading present the data they have considered as more relevant in the KDIGO 2012 as concerned to evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. The text does not correspond to their opinion, it is a brief presentation of guidelines that could be useful in clinical practice.Os autores desta leitura rápida apresentam os dados que consideraram mais relevantes na versão 2012 do KDIGO referente à avaliação e manuseio da doença renal crônica. Não se trata da opinião dos autores, mas sim de uma apresentação mais concisa das diretrizes, que podem ser úteis na prática clínica.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal do MaranhaoUniversidade Federal de UberlandiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUNIFESPSciEL

Dialysis for end stage renal disease financed through the Brazilian National Health System, 2000 to 2012

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease has become a public health problem worldwide. Its terminal stage requires renal replacement therapy – dialysis or transplantation – for the maintenance of life, resulting in high economic and social costs. Though the number of patients with end-stage renal disease treated by dialysis in Brazil is among the highest in the world, current estimates of incidence and prevalence are imprecise. Our aim is to describe incidence and prevalence trends and the epidemiologic profile of end-stage renal disease patients receiving publically-financed dialysis in Brazil between 2000 and 2012. METHODS: We internally linked records of the High Complexity Procedure Authorization/Renal Replacement Therapy (APAC/TRS) system so as to permit analyses of incidence and prevalence of dialysis over the period 2000-2012. We characterized temporal variations in the incidence and prevalence using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Over the period, 280,667 patients received publically-financed dialysis, 57.2% of these being male. The underlying disease causes listed were hypertension (20.8%), diabetes (12.0%) and glomerulonephritis (7.7%); for 42.3%, no specific cause was recorded. Hemodialysis was the therapeutic modality in 90.1%. Over this period, prevalence increased 47%, rising 3.6% (95% CI 3.2% - 4.0%)/year. Incidence increased 20%, or 1.8% (1.1% – 2.5%)/year. Incidence increased in both sexes, in all regions of the country and particularly in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease receiving publically-financed dialysis treatment has increased notably. The linkage approach developed will permit continuous future monitoring of these indicators

Report of the Brazilian Chronic Dialysis Census 2012

Introduction:National chronic dialysis data are fundamental for treatment planning.Objective:To report data of the annual survey of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology about chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis in July 2012.Methods:A survey based on data of dialysis units from the whole country. The data collection was performed by using a questionnaire filled out on-line by the dialysis units in Brazil.Results:255 (31.9%) of the dialysis units in the country answered the questionnaire. In July 2012, the total estimated number of patients on dialysis in the country was 97,586. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of chronic kidney disease on maintenance dialysis were 503 and 177 patients per million population, respectively. The estimated number of new patients starting dialysis in 2012 was 34,366. The annual gross mortality rate was 18.8%. For prevalent patients, 31.9% were aged 65 years or older, 91.6% were on hemodialysis and 8.4% on peritoneal dialysis, 30,447 (31.2%) were on a waiting list of renal transplant, 28.5% were diabetics, 36.6% had serum phosphorus > 5.5 mg/dl and 34.4% hemoglobin < 11 g/dl. A venous catheter was the vascular access for 14.5% of the hemodialysis patients.Conclusion:The prevalence and incidence rates of chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis increased, while the mortality rate tended to decrease compared with 2011. The indicators of the quality of maintenance dialysis remained stable with a trend towards decrease in levels of anemia. The data highlight the importance of the census to guide chronic dialysis therapy.Introdução: Dados nacionais sobre diálise crônica são fundamentais para o conhecimento e planejamento do tratamento.Objetivo:Apresentar dados do censo da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia sobre os pacientes com doença renal crônica em diálise em julho de 2012.Métodos: Levantamento de dados de unidades de diálise de todo o país. A coleta de dados foi feita utilizando questionário preenchido on-line pelas unidades de diálise do Brasil.Resultados:255 (39,1%) unidades responderam ao censo. Em julho de 2012, o número total estimado de pacientes em diálise no país foi de 97.586. As estimativas nacionais das taxas de prevalência e de incidência de doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico foram de 503 e 177 pacientes por milhão da população, respectivamente. O número de pacientes que iniciaram tratamento em 2012 foi 34.366. A taxa anual de mortalidade bruta foi de 18,8%. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 31,9% tinham idade ≥ 65 anos, 91,6% estavam em hemodiálise e 8,4% em diálise peritoneal, 30.447 (31,2%) estavam em fila de espera para transplante, 28,5% tinham diabetes, 36,6% tinham fósforo sérico > 5,5 mg/dl e 34,4% hemoglobina < 11 g/dl. Cateter venoso era usado como acesso em 14,5% dos pacientes em hemodiálise.Conclusão:As taxas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes em diálise aumentaram, e a taxa de mortalidade tendeu a diminuir em relação a 2011. Os dados de indicadores da qualidade da diálise de manutenção encontram-se estáveis com tendência à queda nos níveis de anemia; e mostram a relevância do censo anual para o planejamento da assistência dialítica