Inflammasome activation is critical to the protective immune response during chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma

Chronic inflammation affects most stages of tumorigenesis, including initiation, promotion, malignant differentiation, invasion and metastasis. Inflammasomes have been described as involved with persistent inflammation and are known to exert both pro and antitumour effects. We evaluated the influence of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and caspase (CASP)-1 in the antitumor immune response using a multistage model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. Absence of ASC and CASP-1 resulted in an earlier incidence and increased number of papilloma. Loss of inflammassome function in mice resulted in decreased presence of natural killer (NK), dendritic (DC), CD4+, CD8+ and CD45RB+ T cells in the tumor lesions as well as in lymph nodes (LN) compared with WT mice. Increased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells was associated with association with inflammasome loss of function. Moreover, significant differences were also found with neutrophils and macrophage infiltrating the lesions. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), but not elastase (ELA), activity oscillated among the groups during the SCC development. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interferon (IFN)-γ were decreased in the tumor microenvironment in the absence of inflammasome proteins. These observations suggest a link between inflammasome function and SCC tumorigenesis, indicating an important role for inflammasome activation in the control of SCC development.Fil: Gasparoto, Thais Helena. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Ervolino de Oliveira, Carine. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Thomazini de Freitas, Luisa. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Ramos Pinheiro, Claudia. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Issa Hori, Juliana. University of São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Pompermaier Garlet, Gustavo. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; BrasilFil: Cavassani, Karen Angélica. University Of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Schillaci, Roxana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (i); ArgentinaFil: Santana Da Silva, Joao. University of São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Simmões Zamboni, Darío. University of São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; BrasilFil: Campanelli, Ana Paula. Universidad de São Paulo. Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Brasi

Hepatites virais no Brasil: uma revisão sobre história, epidemiologia e atuação do enfermeiro

This article presents a literature review on viral hepatitis in Brazil, focusing on hepatitis A, B, and C. The main prevention measures include vaccination, personal hygiene measures, and infection control in health services. The nurse plays an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of viral hepatitis, through health education, vaccination, and early detection of the disease. The epidemiological profile shows a heterogeneous distribution for hepatitis A and a more homogeneous distribution for hepatitis B and C throughout the country.   Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre las hepatitis virales en Brasil, centrándose en las hepatitis A, B y C. Las principales medidas de prevención incluyen vacunación, medidas de higiene personal y control de infecciones en los servicios de salud. Las enfermeras juegan un papel importante en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las hepatitis virales, a través de la educación sanitaria, la vacunación y la detección precoz de la enfermedad. El perfil epidemiológico muestra una distribución heterogénea para la hepatitis A y más homogénea para la hepatitis B y C en todo el país. Las palabras clave clave incluyen hepatitis viral, prevención, enfermería, vacunación y epidemiología.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre as hepatites virais no Brasil, com foco nas hepatites A, B e C. As principais medidas de prevenção incluem vacinação, medidas de higiene pessoal e controle de infecção em serviços de saúde. O enfermeiro desempenha um papel importante na prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento das hepatites virais, por meio de ações de educação em saúde, vacinação e detecção precoce da doença. O perfil epidemiológico mostra uma distribuição heterogênea para a hepatite A e mais homogênea para a hepatite B e C em todo o país. As principais palavras-chave incluem hepatites virais, prevenção, enfermeiro, vacinação e epidemiologia. &nbsp

A proteção da privacidade online em casos de pornografia de vingança

Monografia (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2016.Este trabalho visa estudar a prática conhecida como pornografia de vingança. Inicialmente, buscamos conceituar o direito à privacidade, distinguindo as esferas pública e privada. Em seguida avaliamos como o conceito encontrado se aplica ao ambiente virtual, e como as tecnologias possibilitaram o desenvolvimento de novas formas de intimidade, bem como da pornografia de vingança. Passamos, então, a estudar a proteção garantida às vítimas, além das formas de reparação dos danos, nos ordenamentos jurídicos dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil. Por fim, apresentamos alguns casos concretos em que o Poder Judiciário brasileiro se pronunciou sobre o tema. O trabalho objetiva refletir sobre a efetividade dos instrumentos existentes atualmente no ordenamento jurídico para a proteção das vítimas e a reparação dos danos causados pela pornografia de vingança, apontando possíveis caminhos para melhorias na legislação vigente.This work aims to study the practice known as revenge porn. First, we tried to define the right to privacy, distinguishing the public and the private spaces. Next, we evaluated how that definition applies to the virtual environment, and how technology enabled the development of new ways to have intimacy, as well as the development of revenge porn. We moved then to study the protection afforded to victims, and the possibilities for remedying the damage, both in the American and in the Brazilian legal systems. At last, we present a few cases in which the Brazilian Judiciary delivered statements about the subject. This work aims to reflect on how effective the instruments available nowadays in the legal system are to protect victims and to remedy the damage caused by revenge porn, indicating possible ways of improving the existing laws

Sexuality and AIDS in the Third Age

This paper aims to send a reflection that involves the relationship between age and sexuality. This theme was motivated by the realization, through epidemiological data, that Brazil assists, currently, an increasing number of new AIDS cases in the This theme was motivated by the realization, through epidemiological data, that Brazil assists, currently, an increasing number of new AIDS cases in the age group older than 60 years. If, on the one hand, this data serves to deconstruct the imagery (stigmatized) that "old does not have sex" on the other, it indicates that we must question the reasons that account for this state of affairs. Therefore, we sought to address "sexuality", "third age" and "HIV / AIDS" as concepts to then explore how their association allows you to read the reality referred to above. Finally, there is a discussion about how, in Brazil, the state and non-governmental organizations are facing the problem of health care for the elderly, more specifically, let see the social protection system available for coping with AIDS in this population segment

Sexuality and HIV/AIDS in Third Age

This paper is specifically targeted at bringing up a reflection involving the articulation between the elderly and sexuality. Such theme has been motivated as from the verification, based on epidemiological data, that Brazil currently is facing an increasing number of new cases of AIDS among the over 60 age group. If, on the one hand, said data serves to cast off beliefs (stigmatized ones) toward the idea that "the elderly do not have sexual intercourses", on the other hand, it shows the need to question the reasons for such state of things. Therefore, attention has been paid to approaching "sexuality", "Third age" and “HIV/AIDS” as concepts and then explore how their association allows reading the reality mentioned above. At the end, there is a discussion about how, in Brazil, the State and nongovernmental organizations have been facing the elderly health problem so as to see, more specifically, the social protection system available to face AIDS in this segment of population

Characterization of SCC lesions in the absence of inflammasome after 12 weeks.

<p>(A) The absolute number and phenotype of leukocytes in the tumor lesions were determined by flow cytometry. (B) Flow cytometry analyses of CD25⁺Foxp3⁺, CD45RA⁺, CD45RB⁺ and CD28⁻CD62L⁻ expression on CD4 e CD8 T cells. (C) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase (ELA) activity in tumor microenvironment. (D) Cytokines profile in tumor microenvironment at 12 weeks after SCC induction. Values are mean ± SEM; *<i>p</i>≤0.05, *** <i>p</i>≤0.001 compared with WT mice.</p

Absence of inflammasome molecules induced an increase of papilloma incidence and volume during SCC development.

<p>ASC-KO (gray square), CASP-1-KO (black square) and WT (white square) mice were treated according to a chemical carcinogenic protocol using DMBA and PMA for 20 weeks. (A) The incidence, average number and volume of papillomas were determined. Data shown represent mean ± SEM; *<i>p</i>≤0.05, ** <i>p</i>≤0.01, *** <i>p</i>≤0.001 compared with WT mice. Representative data are show from at least three independent experiments. (B) Representative haematoxylin and eosin staining of skin section from 12, 16 and 20 weeks after SCC induction. Scale bars represent 50 uM.</p

Characterization of SCC lesions in the absence of inflammasome after 20 weeks.

<p>(A) The absolute number and phenotype of leukocytes in the tumor lesions were determined by flow cytometry. (B) Flow cytometry analyses of CD25⁺Foxp3⁺, CD45RA⁺, CD45RB⁺ and CD28⁻CD62L⁻ expression on CD4 e CD8 T cells. (C) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase (ELA) activity in tumor microenvironment. (D) Cytokines profile in tumor microenvironment at 20 weeks after SCC induction. Values are mean ± SEM; *<i>p</i>≤0.05, *** <i>p</i>≤0.001 compared with WT mice.</p