Army reserve prior service market profile

Only about 28 percent of the 177,023 enlisted losses to the Active Army in FY 1993 either transferred to the Reserve Components (RC) or had completed all of their obligated service and were eligible for reserve service (RE). Of these 48,000 RC and RE losses, 41,000 were in paygrades E4 and E5, the target pool for USAR Troop Program Unit (TPU) prior service recruiting. Only 28 percent of RC and RE E4--E5s had an occupation considered a priority for TPU readiness. A typical Active Army loss to the RC was a single white male E4 from the South census region with almost four years of service. He was a high school graduate in mental group category I-IIIA and had initially entered the Army for a four year term. A typical RE loss was a white male E5 with nine years of service. He was older and more likely to be married with dependents, but was similar in other respects to his RC counterpart. Neither was in a reserve priority occupation. Women made up less than 20 percent of both groups. Blacks were more strongly represented and Hispanics less strongly represented among RC and RE losses than among the comparable civilian population.Fund number: MIPR 7UNPSRSApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Cholesterol, C-Reactive Protein, and Periodontitis: HMG-CoA-Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) as Effect Modifiers

Common risk factors of periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases fuel the debate on interrelationships between them. The aim is to prove whether statins may influence periodontal parameters by affecting either of these factors. Out of the 4,290 subjects of SHIP (Study of Health in Pomerania), we included subjects aged >30 years (219 with statins, 2937 without) and excluded edentulous. We determined periodontal measures, cholesterol fractions, and inflammation markers. Statin use and periodontal risk factors were assessed. Gingival plaque and periodontal attachment loss were associated with systemic LDL cholesterol (P < 0.001) and C-reactive protein CRP (P = 0.019) revealing interaction with statin use. When adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, education, and dental service, statins were identified as effect modifiers abolishing the relationship between attachment loss and LDL and between gingival plaque and LDL (interactions P < 0.001). No statin-related interaction was detected with increase in CRP. The interaction supports the view of inter-relationships between periodontal and systemic inflammatory mediators

Reviews

Unfinished Tales of Numenor and Middle-earth. J. R. R. Tolkien. Ed. by Christopher Tolkien. Reviewed by Paul H. Kocher. The Achievement of C.S. Lewis. Thomas Howard. Reviewed by Nancy-Lou Patterson. The Silmarillion. J.R.R. Tolkien. Ed. by Christopher Tolkien. Reviewed by Thomas M. Egan

Cross-game Learning and Cognitive Ability in Auctions

Overbidding in sealed-bid second-price auctions (SPAs) has been shown to be persistent and associated with cognitive ability. We study experimentally to what extent cross-game learning can reduce overbidding in SPAs, taking into account cognitive skills. Employing an order-balanced design, we use first-price auctions (FPAs) to expose participants to an auction format in which losses from high bids are more salient than in SPAs. Experience in FPAs causes substantial cross-game learning for cognitively less able participants but does not affect overbidding for the cognitively more able. Vice versa, experiencing SPAs before bidding in an FPA does not substantially affect bidding behavior by the cognitively less able but, somewhat surprisingly, reduces bid shading by cognitively more able participants, resulting in lower profits in FPAs. Thus, 'cross-game learning' may rather be understood as 'cross-game transfer', as it has the potential to benefit bidders with lower cognitive ability whereas it has little or even adverse effects for higher-ability bidders

Periodontal complications of hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus: Epidemiologic complexity and clinical challenge

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the periodontium. It combines data from literature reviews of original data from two large, population‐based epidemiologic studies with comprehensive periodontal health assessment. Emphasis is placed on the exploration of hitherto sparsely reported effects of prediabetes and poorly controlled (uncontrolled) diabetes, in contrast to the umbrella term “diabetes.” This stems from the realization that it is not simply having a diagnosis of diabetes that may adversely affect periodontal health. Rather, it is the level (severity) of hyperglycemia that is the determining factor, not the case definition of the diagnosis of diabetes or the type of diabetes in question. Importantly, based on existing evidence this paper also attempts to estimate the improvements in periodontal probing depth and clinical attachment level that can be expected upon successful nonsurgical periodontal treatment in people with chronic periodontitis, with and without diabetes, respectively. This exploration includes the implentation of new systematic reviews and meta‐analyses that allow comparison of such intervention outcomes between hyperglycemic and normoglycemic subjects. Based on both existing literature and original analyses of population‐based studies, we try to answer questions such as: Is there a glycated hemoglobin concentration threshold for periodontitis risk? Does short‐term periodontal probing depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain after scaling and root planing depend on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes? Are short‐term scaling and root planing outcomes in people with hyperglycemia/diabetes inferior to those in people without diabetes? Do periodontitis patients with diabetes benefit more from the use of adjuvant antibiotics with nonsurgical periodontal treatment than people without diabetes? Does hyperglycemia lead to greater tooth loss in patients in long‐term post‐periodontal treatment maintenance programs? Throughout this review, we compare our new findings with previous data and report whether the results of these new analyses corroborate, or are in discord with, similar scientific reports in the literature. We also explore the potential role of dental health‐care professionals in helping patients control the risk factors that are identical for periodontitis and diabetes. Finally, we suggest various topics that still need exploration in future research.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146293/1/prd12235.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146293/2/prd12235_am.pd