Review of: Homelessness in New York City: Policymaking from Koch to de Blasio

Published versio

Examining mortality among formerly homeless adults enrolled in Housing First: An observational study

BACKGROUND: Adults who experience prolonged homelessness have mortality rates 3 to 4 times that of the general population. Housing First (HF) is an evidence-based practice that effectively ends chronic homelessness, yet there has been virtually no research on premature mortality among HF enrollees. In the United States, this gap in the literature exists despite research that has suggested chronically homeless adults constitute an aging cohort, with nearly half aged 50 years old or older. METHODS: This observational study examined mortality among formerly homeless adults in an HF program. We examined death rates and causes of death among HF participants and assessed the timing and predictors of death among HF participants following entry into housing. We also compared mortality rates between HF participants and (a) members of the general population and (b) individuals experiencing homelessness. We supplemented these analyses with a comparison of the causes of death and characteristics of decedents in the HF program with a sample of adults identified as homeless in the same city at the time of death through a formal review process. RESULTS: The majority of decedents in both groups were between the ages of 45 and 64 at their time of death; the average age at death for HF participants was 57, compared to 53 for individuals in the homeless sample. Among those in the HF group, 72 % died from natural causes, compared to 49 % from the homeless group. This included 21 % of HF participants and 7 % from the homeless group who died from cancer. Among homeless adults, 40 % died from an accident, which was significantly more than the 14 % of HF participants who died from an accident. HIV or other infectious diseases contributed to 13 % of homeless deaths compared to only 2 % of HF participants. Hypothermia contributed to 6 % of homeless deaths, which was not a cause of death for HF participants. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest HF participants face excess mortality in comparison to members of the general population and that mortality rates among HF participants are higher than among those reported among members of the general homeless population in prior studies. However, findings also suggest that causes of death may differ between HF participants and their homeless counterparts. Specifically, chronic diseases appear to be more prominent causes of death among HF participants, indicating the potential need for integrating medical support and end-of-life care in HF

Unsheltered homelessness among veterans: correlates and profiles

We identified correlates of unsheltered status among Veterans experiencing homelessness and describe d distinct subgroups within the unsheltered homeless Veteran population using data from a screening instrument for homelessness that is administered to all Veterans accessing outpatient care at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility . Correlates o f unsheltered homelessness included male gender, white race, older age, lower levels of VHA eligibility, substance use disorders, frequent use of VHA inpatient and infrequent use of VHA outpatient services, and residing in the West. We identified six disti nct subgroups of unsheltered Veterans; the tri - morbid frequent users represented the highest need group, but the largest group was comprised of Veterans who made highly infrequent use of VHA healthcare services. Differences between sheltered and unshelter ed Veterans and heterogeneity within the unsheltered Veteran population should be considered in targeting housing and other interventions.National Center on Homelessness Among Veteran

Husserlis apie beasmenius teiginius

The young Edmund Husserl stressed that the success of his philosophy hinged upon his ability to determine the subject and the predicate of impersonal propositions and their expressions, such as ‘It is raining’. This essay accordingly investigates the tenability of Husserl’s early thought, by executing the first study of his analysis of impersonal propositions from the late 1890s. This examination reshapes our understanding of the inception of phenomenology in two ways. First, Husserl pinpoints the subject by outlining why impersonal expressions are employed during communication. This contravenes interpretations of the early Husserl as uninterested in intersubjectivity. Second, by studying how Husserl determines the predicate by investigating existential propositions, I show that Husserl , in the late 1890s, came to his final view on the concept of being.Jaunystėje Edmundas Husserlis pabrėžė, kad jo filosofijos sėkmė priklauso nuo jo gebėjimo nustatyti beasmenių teiginių bei jų išraiškų, tokių kaip „Lyja“, veiksnį ir tarinį. Taigi šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas Husserlio ankstyvosios minties pagrįstumas, remiantis jo pirmuoju beasmenių teiginių tyrimu, atliktu XIX a. paskutinio dešimtmečio pabaigoje. Šis tyrimas dviem būdais keičia mūsų suvokimą apie fenomenologijos pradžią. Pirma, Husserlis veiksnį nustato apžvelgdamas, kodėl komunikacijoje pasitelkiami beasmeniai teiginiai. Tai kertasi su ankstyvojo Husserlio interpretacijomis, pagal kurias jam nebuvęs įdomus intersubjektyvumas. Antra, išnagrinėjus, kaip Husserlis nustato tarinį tirdamas egzistavimo teiginius, atskleidžiama, jog XIX a. paskutinio dešimtmečio pabaigoje Husserlis suformavo savo galutinį požiūrį į būties sąvoką

From Irish Wig Rebel to Bourbon Diplomat: The Life and Career of Nathaniel Hooke (1664-1738)

This thesis examines the career of Nathaniel Hooke (1664-1738). Born to an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin, he became involved with Whig radicals opposed to Charles II and James II in 1680s England. Hooke was the only Irish participant in Monmouth's rebellion in 1685. After experiencing defeat and exile he surrendered and was pardoned by James II in 1688. Converting to Catholicism, he remained loyal to James II, serving in his entourage in Ireland and France until 1700. In 1702, on the basis of insightful memoranda recommending strategies to address the political, military and commercial challenges facing France in a European and global context, he was employed by the French foreign minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, marquis de Torcy. Throughout the War of Spanish Succession, Hooke acted as a policy adviser to de Torcy, as well as his personal agent on diplomatic missions to Holland, Scotland and Saxony; several of his analytical memoranda were read by de Torcy to the Conseil dâen haut of Louis XIV. Hooke was thus a significant figure in the formulation and implementation of French foreign policy. Examining Hooke's career highlights the importance of reassessing Irish history from a European perspective and casts light on the broader survival strategies and experiences of the Irish in Europe. The study also explores issues of identity, presentation and perception and addresses a number of historiographical questions in relation to the creation and manipulation of the historical record. Thus a study of Hooke offers a rich and rewarding vein of insight and understanding at a personal level, of migration, strategies for survival and identity and transformation in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, while at the same time linking this individual experience with the broader unfolding of history by shedding light on workings of geopolitics, diplomacy and international relations

Break it Down for Me: A Study in Automated Lyric Annotation

Comprehending lyrics, as found in songs and poems, can pose a challenge to human and machine readers alike. This motivates the need for systems that can understand the ambiguity and jargon found in such creative texts, and provide commentary to aid readers in reaching the correct interpretation. We introduce the task of automated lyric annotation (ALA). Like text simplification, a goal of ALA is to rephrase the original text in a more easily understandable manner. However, in ALA the system must often include additional information to clarify niche terminology and abstract concepts. To stimulate research on this task, we release a large collection of crowdsourced annotations for song lyrics. We analyze the performance of translation and retrieval models on this task, measuring performance with both automated and human evaluation. We find that each model captures a unique type of information important to the task.Comment: To appear in Proceedings of EMNLP 201

Estimated Emergency and Observational/Quarantine Capacity Need for the US Homeless Population Related to COVID-19 Exposure by County; Projected Hospitalizations, Intensive Care Units and Mortality

This report estimates the potential hospitalization, ICU use and mortality rates associated with COVID-19 infection among the homeless population in the United States, as well as unmet need for emergency and observational/quarantine beds/units. Results project that homeless individuals infected by COVID-19 would be twice as likely to be hospitalized, two to four times as likely to require critical care, and two to three times as likely to die than the general population. The analysis suggests that 400,000 new beds are needed to meet the emergency accommodation and social distancing needs of the single adult homeless population on a given day, and that the total estimated cost to meet the nation’s emergency shelter and observational/quarantine units need is approximately $11.5 billion for one year. The second edition explores alternatives for emergency accommodation including private accommodations, congregate shelters, sheltering in place, and emergency coordination of care.