3,904 research outputs found
The impact of trust and power on knowledge sharing in design projects: some empirical evidence from the aerospace industry
It is acknowledged by aerospace engineers that relationships between partners are influenced by topics such as trust and that they enable or inhibit knowledge flow. This paper presents findings from interviews with engineers in the aerospace industry on how trust and power within supply chain teams impact knowledge sharing and integration. From a trust perspective, the results of the paper indicate that individually, engineers are aware of its importance but that there is little organisational awareness and consequently no framework or support exists for managing it. With regards to power, we show that there are positive as well as negative impacts on knowledge sharing to be considered
The valuation criterion for normal basis generators
If is a finite Galois extension of local fields, we say that the
valuation criterion holds if there is an integer such that every
element with valuation generates a normal basis for .
Answering a question of Byott and Elder, we first prove that holds if
and only if the tamely ramified part of the extension is trivial and
every non-zero -submodule of contains a unit. Moreover, the integer
can take one value modulo only, namely , where
is the valuation of the different of . When has positive
characteristic, we thus recover a recent result of Elder and Thomas, proving
that is valid for all extensions in this context. When
\char{\;K}=0, we identify all abelian extensions for which is
true, using algebraic arguments. These extensions are determined by the
behaviour of their cyclic Kummer subextensions
Effectiveness of anonymised information sharing and use in health service, police, and local government partnership for preventing violence related injury: experimental study and time series analysis
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of anonymised information sharing to prevent injury related to violence. Design: Experimental study and time series analysis of a prototype community partnership between the health service, police, and local government partners designed to prevent violence. Setting: Cardiff, Wales, and 14 comparison cities designated "most similar" by the Home Office in England and Wales. Intervention After a 33 month development period, anonymised data relevant to violence prevention (precise violence location, time, days, and weapons) from patients attending emergency departments in Cardiff and reporting injury from violence were shared over 51 months with police and local authority partners and used to target resources for violence prevention. Main outcome measures: Health service records of hospital admissions related to violence and police records of woundings and less serious assaults in Cardiff and other cities after adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Information sharing and use were associated with a substantial and significant reduction in hospital admissions related to violence. In the intervention city (Cardiff) rates fell from seven to five a month per 100 000 population compared with an increase from five to eight in comparison cities (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.69). Average rate of woundings recorded by the police changed from 54 to 82 a month per 100 000 population in Cardiff compared with an increase from 54 to 114 in comparison cities (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.68, 0.61 to 0.75). There was a significant increase in less serious assaults recorded by the police, from 15 to 20 a month per 100 000 population in Cardiff compared with a decrease from 42 to 33 in comparison cities (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.38, 1.13 to 1.70). Conclusion: An information sharing partnership between health services, police, and local government in Cardiff, Wales, altered policing and other strategies to prevent violence based on information collected from patients treated in emergency departments after injury sustained in violence. This intervention led to a significant reduction in violent injury and was associated with an increase in police recording of minor assaults in Cardiff compared with similar cities in England and Wales where this intervention was not implemented
A spatial analysis of residential land prices in Belgium : accessibility, linguistic border and environmental amenities
This paper explores the spatial variation of land prices in Belgium. The originality of the methodology is threefold : (1) to work at the spatial extent of an entire country, (2) to compute several accessibility measures to all jobs and several representations of the environmental amenities and, more importantly, (3) to test the hypothesis that jobs influence land prices only in the same linguistic region. Spatial autocorrelation is accounted for by estimating spatial models. The results show that the linguistic border acts as a strong barrier in the spatial pattern of land prices and that environmental variables have no significant effect at this scale of spatial analysis.land price ; accessibility ; border effect ; environment ; Belgium
Hemodynamically informed parcellation of cerebral FMRI data
Standard detection of evoked brain activity in functional MRI (fMRI) relies
on a fixed and known shape of the impulse response of the neurovascular
coupling, namely the hemodynamic response function (HRF). To cope with this
issue, the joint detection-estimation (JDE) framework has been proposed. This
formalism enables to estimate a HRF per region but for doing so, it assumes a
prior brain partition (or parcellation) regarding hemodynamic territories. This
partition has to be accurate enough to recover accurate HRF shapes but has also
to overcome the detection-estimation issue: the lack of hemodynamics
information in the non-active positions. An hemodynamically-based parcellation
method is proposed, consisting first of a feature extraction step, followed by
a Gaussian Mixture-based parcellation, which considers the injection of the
activation levels in the parcellation process, in order to overcome the
detection-estimation issue and find the underlying hemodynamics
Fast joint detection-estimation of evoked brain activity in event-related fMRI using a variational approach
In standard clinical within-subject analyses of event-related fMRI data, two
steps are usually performed separately: detection of brain activity and
estimation of the hemodynamic response. Because these two steps are inherently
linked, we adopt the so-called region-based Joint Detection-Estimation (JDE)
framework that addresses this joint issue using a multivariate inference for
detection and estimation. JDE is built by making use of a regional bilinear
generative model of the BOLD response and constraining the parameter estimation
by physiological priors using temporal and spatial information in a Markovian
modeling. In contrast to previous works that use Markov Chain Monte Carlo
(MCMC) techniques to approximate the resulting intractable posterior
distribution, we recast the JDE into a missing data framework and derive a
Variational Expectation-Maximization (VEM) algorithm for its inference. A
variational approximation is used to approximate the Markovian model in the
unsupervised spatially adaptive JDE inference, which allows fine automatic
tuning of spatial regularisation parameters. It follows a new algorithm that
exhibits interesting properties compared to the previously used MCMC-based
approach. Experiments on artificial and real data show that VEM-JDE is robust
to model mis-specification and provides computational gain while maintaining
good performance in terms of activation detection and hemodynamic shape
recovery
The Influence of Religion on Marital Crisis: A Qualitative Study
The purpose of this case study was to explore how married Christians couples and pastors perceive the influence of religion, religious over-idealization, and community-centered social processes on couples’ ability to cope with relationship crises within their marriage in New York. The theory guiding this study was the Social Learning Theory by Albert Bandura (1977). The Social Learning Theory was fundamental in the discussion of marriage because behaviors can occur in a marriage that one spouse may disagree with, but due to lack of consequences or rewards, the behavior has persisted, leading to conflict within the marriage. The researcher interviewed ten Christian couples, six pastors, and held two separate focus groups to obtain substantial data regarding addressing the three research questions. To complete a thorough thematic analysis the researcher implemented Robert Yin’s (2014) five-step analysis. The data resulted in three themes in answering research question one, three themes in answering research question two, and one theme in answering research question three. Findings show that couples and pastors agree, although from different points of view, that couples that center their marriage around God rather than secular opinions about their marriage and participate in community-centered social processes (i.e., Christian-centered activities such as Bible studies or small groups), report more success in overcoming marital crises
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