38,568 research outputs found
Holographic estimate of heavy quark diffusion in a magnetic field
We study the influence of a background magnetic field on the vector
meson in a DBI-extension of the soft wall model, building upon our earlier work
Phys. Rev. D91, 086002 (2015). In this specific holographic QCD model, we
discuss the heavy quark number susceptibility and diffusion constants of charm
quarks and their dependence on the magnetic field by either a hydrodynamic
expansion or by numerically solving the differential equation. This allows us
to determine the response of these transport coefficients to the magnetic
field. The effects of the latter are considered both from a direct as indirect
(medium) viewpoint. As expected, we find a magnetic field induced anisotropic
diffusion, with a stronger diffusion in the longitudinal direction compared to
the transversal one. We backup, at least qualitatively, our findings with a
hanging string analysis of heavy quark diffusion in a magnetic field. From the
quark number susceptibility we can extract an estimate for the effective
deconfinement temperature in the heavy quark sector, reporting consistency with
the phenomenon of inverse magnetic catalysis.Comment: 27 pages. v2: extra discussions and references, compatible with
version accepted by Phys.Rev.
Radiation Gauge in AdS/QCD: inadmissibility and implications on spectral functions in the deconfined phase
We point out a subtlety in choosing the radiation gauge (A_z=0 combined with
the Lorenz gauge) for gauge fields in AdS/QCD for black hole backgrounds. We
then demonstrate the effect of this on the momentum-dependence of the spectral
functions of the J/psi vector meson, showing a spreading with momentum and a
breaking of isotropy, in contrast to previous results in the literature. We
also discuss the dependence on a background magnetic field, following our
earlier proposed model.Comment: 10 pages, v2: added reference, version accepted for publicatio
Immunocompetence in Hydra. Epithelial cells recognize self-nonself and react against it
The evolution of effective immunologic defense mechanisms in multicellular organisms involves the ability of host cells to distinguish betweeen self and nonself and to react appropriately to eliminate foreign tissue. By producing interspecies grafts we have obtained evidence that immunorecognition followed by incompatibility reactions occur in Hydra. Our results demonstrate that epithelial cells of Hydra recognize and phagocytose foreign hydra cells, indicating that they are the effector cells in the incompatibility reactions. This observation is consistent with the idea that immunocompetence appeared early in the evolution of multicellular organisms
Cloned interstitial stem cells grow as contiguous patches in hydra
The migration of interstitial cells was analyzed during the growth of stem cell clones in vivo. The spatial distribution of cloned cells was analyzed at a time by which extensive migration of interstitial cells could have occurred. All interstitial cell clones were found to form large contiguous patches of cells. The results indicate that there is little migration of large interstitial cells in undisturbed tissue during normal growth. This finding is surprising since numerous grafting experiments have shown extensive migration of these cells. The implications of finding nonrandomly distributed stem cells are discussed
Male and female stem cells and sex reversal in Hydra polyps
Single interstitial stem cells of male polyps of Hydra magnipapillata give rise to clones that differentiate either male or female gametes. To test the sexual stability of these clones, stem cells were recloned. The results indicate that stem cells from female clones are stable in their sexual differentiation capacity; male stem cells, by comparison, switch sexual phenotype at the rate of 10-2 per cell per generation. As a result, female polyps contain only female stem cells; male polyps contain a mixture of male and female stem cells. A model is presented in which the sexual phenotype of Hydra polyps is controlled by (i) the switching rate of male and female stem cells and (ii) the repression of female differentiation by male stem cells
Growth regulation in Hydra. Relationship between epithelial cell cycle length and growth rate
The relationship between epithelial cell production and growth rate was investigated in Hydra attenuata under different feeding regimes. The increase of epithelial cell number was compared to the duration of the epithelial cell cycle using standard methods of cell cycle analysis. The results indicate that cell cycle changes accompanying changes in feeding regime are not sufficient to explain the altered growth rate. Under heavy feeding regimes, epithelial cell production equals tissue growth rate. At low feeding level or under starvation conditions the epithelial cell cycle lengthens and growth rate of epithelial cell population is slowed. However, the cell cycle changes are insufficient to account for the reduction in tissue growth and thus there is an effective overproduction of epithelial cells amounting to 10% per day. Evidence suggests that these excess cells are phagocytized by neighboring cells in the tissue. Thus phagocytosis is directly or indirectly involved in regulating the growth of hydra tissue
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