The Helotiales of India-VII

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Chlorophyll and carotenoid content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under heat stress as affected by trehalose application

Presently, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were evaluated under control (25±2°C), heat stress (35±2°C and 40±2°C) and interactive effect of heat stress and trehalose in six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (HD2967, PBW175, C306, PBW343, PBW621 and PBW590). Trehalose an osmoprotectant, at concen-tration of 1mM and 1.5mM was applied at 7 days after sowing (DAS) followed by heat stress of 35±2°C (moderate) and 40±2°C (severe) on 8DAS for 4 and8 hours. As chloroplast thylakoid membranes, are highly vulnerable to heat stress, the chlorophyll content decreased with increased temperature stress in all selected genotypes. Heat stress significantly reduced (P< 0.05) the carotenoid content in all genotypes. Severe heat stress (8 hours) more adversely affected these mentioned parameters. The application of Trehalose @ 1.5mM as compared with 1mM concentration was found more effective to ameliorate the adverse effect of heat stress on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents to sustain photosynthetic process

Recent Advances in Measurement of Oxalate in Biological Materials

Hyperoxaluria is the predominant risk factor in urinary stone disease. A specific, accurate and reliable oxalate assay for urine and plasma is very important for both the diagnosis and efficient management of patients. A review of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of oxalate determination is presented and is followed by the authors\u27 recommendations

Effect of various trace elements on the growth and sporulation of Claviceps Microcephala and Microxyphiella hibiscifolia

Out of fifteen trace elements tested, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were found to be essential for the growth as well as sporulation of Claviceps microcephala and Microxyphiella hibiscifolia; Mo for C. microcephala but not for M. hibiscifolia; Ca for M. hibiscifolia but not for C. microcephala. No other trace element was found to be essential for either of these fungi. Optimum concentrations in ppm of essential trace elements were found to be as follows: C. microcephala, Fe 0.2, Zn 0.1, Mn 1.0, Cu 0.01 (0.01-0.1) and Mo 1.0; M. hibiscifolia, Fe 0.01 (0.01-0.1), Zn 10.0, Mn 1.0, Cu 10.0 and Ca 10.0. Concentrations higher than the optimum were progressively inhibitory to the respective fungi

Genus Ramaria in the Eastern Himalaya: subgenus Laeticolora-I

In this paper an account of 11 taxa of the genus Ramaria (Fr.) Bonorden collected from different localities in the eastern Himalaya and adjoining hills is given. Of the taxa included, Ramaria conjunctipes, Ramaria araiospora var. rubella, Ramaria xanthosperma, Ramaria rubribrunnescens, Ramaria flavigelatinosa, Ramaria flavigelatinosa var.carnisalmonea and Ramaria gelatiniaurantia are new records for the Himalayas; while Ramaria rubrogelatinosa, Ramaria brevispora, Ramaria brevispora var. albida and Ramaria perbrunnea were not known earlier from the eastern Himalaya

The Thelephoraceae of India-III. The genus Tubulicrinis and Hyphoderma in India

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The Clavariaceae of India-XI

This paper gives an illustrated account of 7 species, 2 varieties and one new form of Clavariaceae collected from Dalhousie Hills (North-Western Himalayas) and Darjeeling Hills (Eastern Himalayas). All these are new records for India

Synaptic input to dentate granule cell basal dendrites in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy some dentate granule cells develop basal dendrites. The extent of excitatory synaptic input to basal dendrites is unclear, nor is it known whether basal dendrites receive inhibitory synapses. We used biocytin to intracellularly label individual granule cells with basal dendrites in epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats. An average basal dendrite had 3.9 branches, was 612 microm long, and accounted for 16% of a cell's total dendritic length. In vivo intracellular labeling and postembedding GABA-immunocytochemistry were used to evaluate synapses with basal dendrites reconstructed from serial electron micrographs. An average of 7% of 1,802 putative synapses were formed by GABA-positive axon terminals, indicating synaptogenesis by interneurons. Ninety-three percent of the identified synapses were GABA-negative. Most GABA-negative synapses were with spines, but at least 10% were with dendritic shafts. Multiplying basal dendrite length/cell and synapse density yielded an estimate of 180 inhibitory and 2,140 excitatory synapses per granule cell basal dendrite. Based on previous estimates of synaptic input to granule cells in control rats, these findings suggest an average basal dendrite receives approximately 14% of the total inhibitory and 19% of excitatory synapses of a cell. These findings reveal that basal dendrites are a novel source of inhibitory input, but they primarily receive excitatory synapses