Determinants Of FDI Inflows In High Income Countries: An Intertemporal And Cross Sectional Analysis Since 1990

The marked rise of FDI ?ows to high-income countries since the early 1990s has prompted substantial empirical research into the important determinants of FDI. This paper also has attempted to identify important determinants of FDI inflow for the selected high-income countries (23 countries) since 1990. Based on the related review of literature, six variables (Outflow, GDP, BOP, Export, Import and Labor) have been selected. Employing adding-up/multiple regression models, significant determinants were identified

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of bleeding

Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed agents for various conditions in general psychiatry. There is a strong consensus that blockade of serotonin reuptake affects primary hemostasis, namely platelet activity, thus resulting in a bleeding tendency. Considering that SSRIs are commonly prescribed, this study was conducted to assess if they were associated with an increased risk of bleeding.Methods: This was a prospective, open-label study of 30 patients attending the Psychiatry out-patient department, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore who satisfied DSM-IV criteria for a primary diagnosis of depression, treated with SSRIs. Bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and platelet count were assessed at baseline and at the end of 6 weeks of treatment or occurrence of bleeding symptom.Results: The patients aged between 18-55 years of whom 21 were females, were treated with an SSRI (fluoxetine 12, escitalopram 12 and sertraline 6 patients). Six patients had overt symptoms of bleeding (upper gastrointestinal bleeding (hematemesis) 4; epistaxis 2 and petechiae 2) of whom one patient gave a history of both hematemesis and petechiae and another of hematemesis and epistaxis. The average day after treatment beginning, on which patients reported with bleeding was 30.33 (26-40 days). There was a significant increase in the bleeding time (p=0.028) and clotting time (p=0.042), implying derangement in platelet aggregation. There was no significant change in the other parameters.Conclusion: Treatment with SSRIs increases the risk of bleeding. However, large, randomized controlled trials are required to re-affirm these findings

Attitudes of undergraduates towards mental illness: A comparison between nursing and business management students in India

Background. Mental illness is an important public health issue worldwide; stigmatisation and negative attitudes towards people with mental illness are widespread among the general public. However, little is known about the attitudes of undergraduates to mental illness.  Purpose. To compare the attitudes towards mental illness among undergraduates enrolled in nursing courses v. those enrolled in Bachelor of Business Management (BBM) courses.  Methods. A cross-sectional descriptive design was adopted for the present study. A total of 268 undergraduates were selected to complete the Attitude Scale for Mental Illness (ASMI) and the Opinions about Mental Illness in the Chinese Community (OMICC) questionnaires.  Results. We found significant differences between the number of nursing and BBM students who agreed with statements posed by the questionnaires, e.g., that they would move out of their community if a mental health facility was established there (χ2=16.503, p<0.002), that they were not afraid of treated mentally ill people (χ2=15.279, p<0.004), and that people with mental illness tend to be violent (χ2=14.215, p<0.007) and dangerous (χ2=17.808, p<0.001). Nursing students disagreed that people with mental illness are easily identified (χ2=30.094, p<0.000), have a lower IQ (χ2=70.689, p<0.000) and should not have children (χ2=24.531, p<0.000). Nursing students were more benevolent than BBM students, as they agreed that people with mental illness can hold a job (χ2=49.992, p<0.000) and can return to their former position (χ2=11.596, p<0.021), that everyone faces the possibility of becoming mentally ill (χ2=38.726, p<0.000), and that one should not laugh at the mentally ill (χ2=17.407, p<0.002). Nursing students held less pessimistic attitudes, as they felt that the mentally ill should receive the same pay for the same job (χ2=10.669, p<0.031) and that the public are prejudiced towards people with mental illness (χ2=17.604, p<0.001). Conclusion. College students’ attitudes towards people with mental illness vary based on the course that they are enrolled in. Attitudes may be positively improved by revising curriculum design to incorporate educational sessions about mental illness. These are essential steps to combat discrimination, and potentially enhance the promotion of human rights for the mentally ill

Nondestructive Evaluation of Weld seam Failures in Tubes and Other Structures for Thermal, Wind and Nuclear Power Applications

The paper gives inspection and maintenance practices being followed in an important Tube manufacturing plant (Bundy India Limited, Baroda) where the first author (R.M Joshi) worked. Advances in the eddy current technique of on line surface and subsurface inspection along with some unconventional modern methods and their scope of appli-cation have been highlighted. The inspection techniques contribute to improved customer confidence

Giant magnetic anisotropy and tunnelling of the magnetization in Li2(Li1−xFex)N

Large magnetic anisotropy and coercivity are key properties of functional magnetic materials and are generally associated with rare earth elements. Here we show an extreme, uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and the emergence of magnetic hysteresis in Li2(Li1-xFex)N. An extrapolated, magnetic anisotropy field of 220 Tesla and a coercivity field of over 11 Tesla at 2 Kelvin outperform all known hard-ferromagnets and single-molecule magnets (SMMs). Steps in the hysteresis loops and relaxation phenomena in striking similarity to SMMs are particularly pronounced for x << 1 and indicate the presence of nano-scale magnetic centres. Quantum tunnelling, in form of temperature-independent relaxation and coercivity, deviation from Arrhenius behaviour and blocking of the relaxation, dominates the magnetic properties up to 10 Kelvin. The simple crystal structure, the availability of large single crystals, and the ability to vary the Fe concentration make Li2(Li1-xFex)N (i) an ideal model system to study macroscopic quantum effects at elevated temperatures and (ii) a basis for novel functional magnetic materials.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, Supplementary Information attached, revised version published in Nature Communication

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP

ZrMnP and HfMnP single crystals are grown by a self-flux growth technique, and structural as well as temperature dependent magnetic and transport properties are studied. Both compounds have an orthorhombic crystal structure. ZrMnP and HfMnP are ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures around 370 K and 320 K, respectively. The spontaneous magnetizations of ZrMnP and HfMnP are determined to be 1.9 μB/f.u. and 2.1 μB/f.u., respectively, at 50 K. The magnetocaloric effect of ZrMnP in terms of entropy change (ΔS) is estimated to be −6.7 kJ m−3 K−1 around 369 K. The easy axis of magnetization is [100] for both compounds, with a small anisotropy relative to the [010] axis. At 50 K, the anisotropy field along the [001] axis is ∼4.6 T for ZrMnP and ∼10 T for HfMnP. Such large magnetic anisotropy is remarkable considering the absence of rare-earth elements in these compounds. The first principle calculation correctly predicts the magnetization and hard axis orientation for both compounds, and predicts the experimental HfMnP anisotropy field within 25%. More importantly, our calculations suggest that the large magnetic anisotropy comes primarily from the Mn atoms, suggesting that similarly large anisotropies may be found in other 3d transition metal compounds

Job Contracts

This chapter considers the distribution of job contracts — in terms of casual jobs, temporary jobs (that is, those of less than a year’s duration), and permanent jobs — across different subgroups of the population. Although the analysis of chapter 5 echoes that of chapter 3, which is cast in terms of regular salaried and wage employment and casual employment, the novelty of chapter 5 is two-fold. First, it explicitly addresses the question of job tenure: while much of the regular salaried and wage employment discussed in chapter 3 may have been permanent employment, some of it may not have been. Second, and more importantly, it addresses the issue of “desirable jobs” using a data set different from the NSS data used in the earlier chapter (that is, unit record data from the Indian Human Development Survey relating to the period 2011–12). The Survey provides details about the job tenure of persons by distinguishing between three types of jobs: casual (daily or piecework), contracts of less than one year duration (hereafter, simply, “contract jobs”), and permanent. The importance of the analysis contained in this chapter is that if one defines job insecurity as workers’ fear of involuntary job loss, job insecurity has negative consequences for employees’ attitudes towards their job, their health, and the quality of their relationship with their employers

Akt-Induced Phosphorylation of N-CoR at Serine 1450 Contributes to Its Misfolded Conformational Dependent Loss (MCDL) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia of the M5 Subtype

10.1371/journal.pone.0070891PLoS ONE88-POLN

PRAS40 and PRR5-Like Protein Are New mTOR Interactors that Regulate Apoptosis

TOR (Target of Rapamycin) is a highly conserved protein kinase and a central controller of cell growth. TOR is found in two functionally and structurally distinct multiprotein complexes termed TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR complex 2 (TORC2). In the present study, we developed a two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) based proteomic strategy to identify new mammalian TOR (mTOR) binding proteins. We report the identification of Proline-rich Akt substrate (PRAS40) and the hypothetical protein Q6MZQ0/FLJ14213/CAE45978 as new mTOR binding proteins. PRAS40 binds mTORC1 via Raptor, and is an mTOR phosphorylation substrate. PRAS40 inhibits mTORC1 autophosphorylation and mTORC1 kinase activity toward eIF-4E binding protein (4E-BP) and PRAS40 itself. HeLa cells in which PRAS40 was knocked down were protected against induction of apoptosis by TNFα and cycloheximide. Rapamycin failed to mimic the pro-apoptotic effect of PRAS40, suggesting that PRAS40 mediates apoptosis independently of its inhibitory effect on mTORC1. Q6MZQ0 is structurally similar to proline rich protein 5 (PRR5) and was therefore named PRR5-Like (PRR5L). PRR5L binds specifically to mTORC2, via Rictor and/or SIN1. Unlike other mTORC2 members, PRR5L is not required for mTORC2 integrity or kinase activity, but dissociates from mTORC2 upon knock down of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) and TSC2. Hyperactivation of mTOR by TSC1/2 knock down enhanced apoptosis whereas PRR5L knock down reduced apoptosis. PRR5L knock down reduced apoptosis also in mTORC2 deficient cells. The above suggests that mTORC2-dissociated PRR5L may promote apoptosis when mTOR is hyperactive. Thus, PRAS40 and PRR5L are novel mTOR-associated proteins that control the balance between cell growth and cell death