1,270 research outputs found
Servicing the federation : the case for metadata harvesting
The paper presents a comparative analysis of data harvesting and distributed computing as complementary models of service delivery within large-scale federated digital libraries. Informed by requirements of flexibility and scalability of federated services, the analysis focuses on the identification and assessment of model invariants. In particular, it abstracts over application domains, services, and protocol implementations. The analytical evidence produced shows that the harvesting model offers stronger guarantees of satisfying the identified requirements. In addition, it suggests a first characterisation of services based on their suitability to either model and thus indicates how they could be integrated in the context of a single federated digital library
Editorial: Advancing Social Purpose in Organizations: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
Currently, there are many skeptics questioning the credibility of the Business Roundtablesâs pledge
and commitment to build and deliver transparent socially responsible corporate governance
that delivers value for all stakeholdersâ future success in business, communities, and country.
RodrĂguez-VilĂĄ and Bharadwaj suggest that changing course on a firmâs social purpose is difficult
and ill-advised because success depends on the legitimacy of the brandâs claim. Consequently,
inconsistent social purpose claims may raise stakeholder doubts about the firmâs integrity
or commitment to social purpose. For instance, âsocial responsibility could be employed
for stakeholder social governing power and economic benefits, rather than societal goodâ
(Thiel, p. 1). Alternatively, Donaldson and Walsh propose there is no theory of the firm
that can serve us well when we attempt to understand the purpose or place of business in
society. The authors develop the beginnings of a theory of business that is both empirical
and normative to highlight collective value. Clearly, social purpose in organizations is an
underdeveloped topic. This Research Topic aims to advance social purpose in organizations
to better understand how to connect the collective value link between the organization and
society. The 13 articles in this Research Topic contribute to the literature for advancing social
purpose in organizations through research studies from different sectors, industries, countries,
and cultures. These studies are expected to deepen interdisciplinary knowledge on social
purpose in organizations and lay a foundation for interested scholars to undertake in their
future inquiries
Community series in advancing social purpose in organizations: An interdisciplinary perspective
Social purpose is important for advancing our understanding of how to make positive
impacts in society through business purpose and profit and for employees finding meaning in
their lives through work. In this community series, four manuscripts highlight the importance
of human and social wellbeing and what it means within an organizational psychology context.
Specifically, the authors demonstrate how organizations could create innovative business models
in social purpose (De Silva et al., 2021) through better management of inclusion, psychological
safety, job insecurity and stress and the âUnited Nations Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 17â
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder â A qualitative study on patientsâ experiences
BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the first-line treatment for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, not all of them achieve remission on a longterm basis. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) represents a new 8-week group therapy program whose effectiveness has been demonstrated in various mental disorders, but has not yet been applied to patients with OCD. The present pilot study aimed to qualitatively assess the subjective experiences of patients with OCD who participated in MBCT. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 patients suffering from OCD directly after 8 sessions of a weekly MBCT group program. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Participants valued the treatment as helpful in dealing with their OCD and OCD-related problems. Two thirds of the patients reported a decline in OCD symptoms. Benefits included an increased ability to let unpleasant emotions surface and to live more consciously in the present. However, participants also discussed several problems. CONCLUSION: The data provide preliminary evidence that patients with OCD find aspects of the current MBCT protocol acceptable and beneficial. The authors suggest to further explore MBCT as a complementary treatment strategy for OCD
Working Alliance in Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
The prediction of treatment outcomes by early maladaptive schemas and schema modes in obsessive-compulsive disorder
No Talking, Just Writing! Efficacy of an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Exposure and Response Prevention in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Background: Many patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not
receive first-line treatment according to the current guidelines (cognitive
behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention, CBT with ERP) due to
barriers to treatment. Internet-based therapy is designed to overcome these
barriers. The present study evaluates the efficacy of an Internet-based
writing therapy with therapeutic interaction based on the concept of CBT with
ERP for patients with OCD. Methods: Thirty-four volunteers with OCD according
to DSM-IV-criteria were included in the trial and randomized according to a
waiting-list control design with follow-up measures at 8 weeks and 6 months.
The intervention consisted of 14 sessions, either starting directly after
randomization or with an 8-week delay. Main outcome measure was the change in
the severity of OCD symptoms (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Self-
Rating, Y-BOCS SR, and Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, OCI-R).
Results: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significantly improved in the
treatment group compared to the waiting-list control group with large effect
sizes of Cohen's d = 0.82 (Y-BOCS SR) and d = 0.87 (OCI-R), using an
intention-to-treat analysis. This effect remained stable at 6-month follow-up.
Only 4 participants (12%) dropped out prematurely from the study. Of the 30
completers, 90% rated their condition as improved and would recommend the
program to their friends. Conclusions: Internet-based writing therapy led to a
significant improvement of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Even though
replications with larger sample sizes are needed, the results support the
notion that Internet-based approaches have the potential for improving the
treatment situation for patients with OCD
Loss-of-function but not dominant-negative intragenic IKZF1 deletions are associated with an adverse prognosis in adult BCR-ABL-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Genetic alterations of the transcription factor IKZF1 (âIKAROSâ) are detected
in around 15â30% of cases of BCR-ABL-negative B-cell precursor acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. Different types of intragenic deletions have been
observed, resulting in a functionally inactivated allele (âloss-of-functionâ)
or in âdominant-negativeâ isoforms. The prognostic impact of these alterations
especially in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia is not well defined. We
analyzed 482 well-characterized cases of adult BCR-ABL-negative B-precursor
acute lymphoblastic leukemia uniformly treated in the framework of the GMALL
studies and detected IKZF1 alterations in 128 cases (27%). In 20%, the IKZF1
alteration was present in a large fraction of leukemic cells (âhigh deletion
loadâ) while in 7% it was detected only in small subclones (âlow deletion
loadâ). Some patients showed more than one IKZF1 alteration (8%). Patients
exhibiting a loss-of-function isoform with high deletion load had a shorter
overall survival (OS at 5 years 28% vs. 59%; P<0.0001), also significant in a
subgroup analysis of standard risk patients according to GMALL classification
(OS at 5 years 37% vs. 68%; P=0.0002). Low deletion load or dominant-negative
IKZF1 alterations had no prognostic impact. The results thus suggest that
there is a clear distinction between loss-of-function and dominant-negative
IKZF1 deletions. Affected patients should thus be monitored for minimal
residual disease carefully to detect incipient relapses at an early stage and
they are potential candidates for alternative or intensified treatment
regimes. (clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: 00199056 and 00198991)
FLT3 mutations in Early T-Cell Precursor ALL characterize a stem cell like leukemia and imply the clinical use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL) has been identified as high-risk subgroup of acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with a high rate of FLT3-mutations in adults. To unravel the underlying pathomechanisms and the clinical course we assessed molecular alterations and clinical characteristics in a large cohort of ETP-ALL (n = 68) in comparison to non-ETP T-ALL adult patients. Interestingly, we found a high rate of FLT3-mutations in ETP-ALL samples (n = 24, 35%). Furthermore, FLT3 mutated ETP-ALL was characterized by a specific immunophenotype (CD2+/CD5-/CD13+/CD33-), a distinct gene expression pattern (aberrant expression of IGFBP7, WT1, GATA3) and mutational status (absence of NOTCH1 mutations and a low frequency, 21%, of clonal TCR rearrangements). The observed low GATA3 expression and high WT1 expression in combination with lack of NOTCH1 mutations and a low rate of TCR rearrangements point to a leukemic transformation at the pluripotent prothymocyte stage in FLT3 mutated ETP-ALL. The clinical outcome in ETP-ALL patients was poor, but encouraging in those patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (3-year OS: 74%). To further explore the efficacy of targeted therapies, we demonstrate that T-ALL cell lines transfected with FLT3 expression constructs were particularly sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In conclusion, FLT3 mutated ETP-ALL defines a molecular distinct stem cell like leukemic subtype. These data warrant clinical studies with the implementation of FLT3 inhibitors in addition to early allogeneic stem cell transplantation for this high risk subgroup
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