Análise dos padrões dos focos de queimadas por biomas do estado do Maranhão/ Analysis of the patterns of fires in biomes in the state of Maranhão

Historicamente as queimadas têm apresentado papel central na degradação e na diminuição da biodiversidade dos biomas maranhenses, a ocorrência de focos de queimadas no Maranhão vem se intensificando a cada ano causando consequências sociais, econômicas e ambientais para o estado. O objetivo do presente artigo é evidenciar o padrão de queimadas em relação a vulnerabilidade de cada bioma presente no território maranhense através de suas características pluviométricas tendo como referência um período de tempo entre 1998 até 2019 sendo estabelecido semestre por semestre de cada ano. Os resultados analisados evidenciaram que as queimadas são moduladas pela sazonalidade do regime de chuva, ou seja, pelo padrão pluviométrico de cada região, podendo ser influenciada também por variações de temperatura e umidade do ar

Effects of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (AÇAÍ) extract in acute lung inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in the mouse

AbstractShort term inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS) induces significant lung inflammation due to an imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant mechanisms. Açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The present study aimed to determine whether oral administration of an açai stone extract (ASE) could reduce lung inflammation induced by CS. Thirty C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups (n=10 each): the Control+A group was exposed to ambient air and treated orally with ASE 300mg/kg/day; the CS group was exposed to smoke from 6 cigarettes per day for 5 days; and the CS+A group was exposed to smoke from 6 cigarettes per day for 5 days and treated orally with ASE (300mg/kg/day). On day 6, all mice were sacrificed. After bronchoalveolar lavage, the lungs were removed for histological and biochemical analyses. The CS group exhibited increases in alveolar macrophage (AMs) and neutrophil numbers (PMNs), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase activities (GPx), TNF-α expression, and nitrites levels in lung tissue when compared with the control ones (p<0.001 for all parameters). The AMs, PMNs, MPO, SOD, CAT, GPx and nitrite were significantly reduced by oral administration of ASE when compared with CS group (p<0.001 for all parameters, with exception of AMs p<0.01). The present results suggested that systemic administration of an ASE extract could reduce the inflammatory and oxidant actions of CS. Thus, the results of this study in mice should stimulate future studies on ASE as a potential agent to protect against CS-induced inflammation in humans

Overview of University Actions Aimed at The Nutrition of Two Indigenous Communities In The Interior of The State of Mato Grosso Do Sul – Brazil: Report of Experience In Public Policies

The diet composed of adequate food is reported in the literature as one of the aspects of health promotion and maintenance, and it is the duty and obligation of the State to promote public policies that seek to meet these needs of the population. However, due to a number of factors, the minority or vulnerable populations end up not benefiting from a good part of the projects in force in Brazil. Thus, this work aimed to conduct a case study with two indigenous communities living in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, listing the main points related to food practices, evaluation of the state of health in force and measures that help adherence to good food practices. The largest target audience was children from 0 (zero) to 12 (twelve) years, totaling 190 (one hundred and ninety), followed by newborns and puerperals who totaled 14 (fourteen) family nuclei and the elderly population of the community, which totaled 15 (fifteen). The service team was composed of Nutritionist, Health Agent, Social Worker and Nutrition Intern professionals. Several activities were developed, occurring according to the public attended during the different days of visit in the villages, mainly home visits, community actions such as vaccination campaigns, lectures and collective guidance. It is concluded that the measures adopted in public policies related to feeding the indigenous community is a powerful tool to provide the benefits for a better quality of life, well-being and maintenance of the health of indigenous peoples

Food Science from the Perspective of the Nutrition Professional

This work had as thematic the study in analysis of foods from the perspective of the nutrition professional. The objective of the research was to seek the training of this professional for the then analysis of the performance in quality control and formulation of products, with the perspective of assistance to projects carried out on site. This research was conducted in a community cafeteria located in a university in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. As a data collection tool, preparation technical sheets were used in which costs were collected, the preparation order, and the nutritional value provided. Sensory observation was used as an analysis of the data in order to measure and analyze and interpret the reactions of food and material characteristics. It appears that with the identification, attributions and activities developed by a nutritionist in the area, it became possible to analyze the processing of raw material and industrialized food products, according to the needs presented by the site. As for the points not reached were not due to any other factors than those related to the specificities of the research site, which did not prevent the acquisition of theoretical, practical, scientific, social and environmental knowledge of the points concerning the area of action of the nutritionist professional within the field of food science

Nutritional Intervention in the Area of Clinical Nutrition in a Hospital Environment: A Report of Field Experience

The present experience report narrates a nutritional intervention in the area of individual and collective clinical nutrition that took place in a University Hospital (HU) in the interior of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil. The main objective of this field work was the professional training for hospital and outpatient nutritional care through general and specific activities performed on site. The specific activities consisted in writing care protocols and standardization of hospital diets while the general activities consisted in the analysis of medical records, survey of clinical diagnoses, proposal of dietotherapic conduct, monitoring of nutritional status, prescription and dietary adequacy, preparation of nutritional guidelines and development, presentation and discussion of clinical cases. This work also reports on the difficulties in implementing and carrying out this intervention agenda and, given the results obtained, it was concluded that the field experience in the hospital area was a valid and beneficial opportunity in which it was possible to harmonize theory with practice

Endocannabinoid system: conceptual parameters, history and therapeutic possibilities

Among the drugs considered illicit in the West, the Cannabis sativa plant is the most consumed: around 4% of the adult population, 10% of these users are in a situation of dependence. However, the medicinal use of this herb dates back to the early days of the emergence of our own species: some anthropologists theorize that some of the genus Homo has progressed in the struggle for survival with other hominids precisely because of the advanced knowledge – kept to the proper proportions – it possessed of plants like Cannabis. Millennia later, science – even focusing intensely on the chemical characterization of its more than 530 bioactive components – was still not able to generate verifiable hypotheses in order to explain two of the most remarkable characteristics of the recreational use of this plant: because small chemical changes potentiated the effect of the drug up to 100 times and, mainly, because it would be virtually impossible for an individual to suffer a lethal overdose of the substance. To overcome this paradigm, some compounds derived from delta-ninetetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) - the main component of cannabis – were radioactively marked in an experimental study and, after their induction, it was discovered that they had tropism by brain membranes and that their binding was saturated and stereosleptic. Such evidence strongly suggested the existence of endogenous receptors for the drug and it was these findings that led to the discovery of the Endocanabinoid System (SEC): a physiological apparatus made up of endogenous receptors and binders, philogenetically conserved, responsible for several controls related to neuronal homeostasis

Análise das alterações prognósticas em pacientes oncológicos acometidos pelo COVID-19 / Analysis of prognostic changes in cancer patients affected by COVID-19

INTRODUÇÃO: A pandemia de COVID-19, causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), se tornou um problema de saúde pública mundial. Nesse cenário, a idade avançada, o sexo, o histórico de tabagismo e a presença de comorbidades, entre elas, o câncer, foram mostradas na literatura como fatores associados a piora no prognóstico da doença.OBJETIVO: Apresentar efeitos da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em pacientes oncológicos, visando alterações prognósticas. MÉTODO:  Trata-se de um resumo baseado no método de revisão de literatura com exposição de evidências. A revisão foi realizada nos bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, tais como Scielo e PubMed. RESULTADOS: Segundo 25 estudos a neoplasia que pior se relacionou com a COVID-19 foi a pulmonar. A vulnerabilidade decorrente do tratamento oncológico altera o prognóstico para pior, as alterações mielopoiéticas resultantes do recurso terapêutico em conjunto com alterações provenientes do próprio câncer podem minar o cenário imunológico necessário para o combate à infecção viral. Com isso, uma nova análise estima que ocorrerá um aumento de 20% na mortalidade de pacientes oncológicos na Inglaterra nos próximos 12 meses devido ao SARS-CoV-2, em relação a anos anteriores.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que os pacientes oncológicos têm pior prognóstico, em relação à população geral, quando infectados pelo COVID-19

Análise do conhecimento de homens acerca da prevenção do câncer de próstata / Analysis of men's knowledge about prostate cancer prevention

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer de próstata (CaP) é um tumor recorrente mundialmente. A forma mais precisa de identificá-lo é por meio do exame de toque retal. No Brasil, assim como em outros países do mundo, o perfil de morbimortalidade por câncer de próstata tem sido alterado nas últimas décadas. De acordo com a Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia - SBU, um em cada seis homens com idade acima de 45 anos tem a possibilidade de ser portador dessa doença sem ter conhecimento que a possui. OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento dos homens acerca da prevenção câncer de próstata.MÉTODO: Trata-se de um resumo baseado no método de revisão de literatura com exposição de evidências. A revisão foi realizada nos bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais, tais como Scielo e PubMed. RESULTADOS: Parte dos homens possuem conhecimentos básicos acerca do câncer de próstata, mas nem todos tinham entendimento sobre os métodos de prevenção e os exames de detecção precoce. Além disso, concluiu-se que existe um tabu em falar do assunto, em decorrência da realização do exame de toque retal. Nesse viés, uma parcela dos homens sente-se incomodados com o exame de toque retal por apresentarem tendências machistas, com isso, a prevenção para esse tumor é dificultada. Dessa forma, é constatado a existência de uma lacuna em relação as práticas preventivas na população do sexo masculino.CONCLUSÃO: Diante do exposto, conclui-se que o conhecimento dos homens acerca do câncer de próstata precisa ser enriquecido, com vista a prevenir o câncer de próstata e contribuir com o diagnóstico precoce da doença