6,373 research outputs found
Using stratified medicine to understand, diagnose, and treat neuropathic pain
Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is defined as pain arising from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. NeuP is common, affecting approximately 6-8% of the general population and currently treatment is inadequate due to both poor drug efficacy and tolerability. Many different types of injury can cause neuropathic pain including genetic (e.g. SCN9A gain of function variants), metabolic (e.g. diabetic polyneuropathy), infective (e.g. HIV associated neuropathy, hepatitis), traumatic and toxic (e.g. chemotherapy induced neuropathy) causes. Such injurious events can impact on anatomically distinct regions of the somatosensory nervous system ranging from the terminals of nociceptive afferents (in small fiber neuropathy) to the thalamus (in post-stroke pain). Classification of neuropathic pain using etiology and location remains an important aspect of routine clinical practice; however, pain medicine is coming to the realization that we need more precision in this classification. The hope is that improved classification will lead to better understanding of risk, prognosis and optimal treatment of NeuP
Novel SM-like Higgs decay into displaced heavy neutrino pairs in U(1)' models
We examine the observability of heavy neutrino (nu_h) signatures of a U(1)'
enlarged Standard Model (SM) encompassing three heavy Majorana neutrinos
alongside the known light neutrino states at the the Large Hadron Collider
(LHC). We show that heavy neutrinos can be rather long-lived particles
producing distinctive displaced vertices that can be accessed in the CERN LHC
detectors. We concentrate here on the gluon fusion production mechanism gg ->
H_{1,2} -> nu_h nu_h, where H_1 is the discovered SM-like Higgs and H_2 is a
heavier state, yielding displaced leptons following nu_h decays into weak gauge
bosons. Using data collected by the end of the LHC Run 2, these signatures
would prove to be accessible with negligibly small background.Comment: 30 pages, journal versio
as a discovery tool for bosons at the LHC
The Forward-Backward Asymmetry (AFB) in physics is commonly only
perceived as the observable which possibly allows one to interpret a
signal by distinguishing different models of such (heavy) spin-1 bosons. In
this article, we examine the potential of AFB in setting bounds on or even
discovering a at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and show that it
might be a powerful tool for this purpose. We analyze two different scenarios:
s with a narrow and wide width, respectively. We find that in both
cases AFB can complement the cross section in accessing signals.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1503.0267
Phenomenology of the minimal B-L extension of the Standard Model
We present the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) discovery potential in the
and heavy neutrino sectors of a enlarged Standard Model also
encompassing three heavy Majorana neutrinos. This model exhibits novel
signatures at the LHC, the most interesting arising from a decay chain
involving heavy neutrinos, eventually decaying into leptons and jets. In
particular, this signature allows one to measure the and heavy neutrino
masses involved. In addition, over a large region of parameter space, the heavy
neutrinos are rather long-lived particles producing distinctive displaced
vertices that can be seen in the detectors. Lastly, the simultaneous
measurement of both the heavy neutrino mass and decay length enables an
estimate of the absolute mass of the parent light neutrino. For completeness,
we will also compare the LHC and a future Linear Collider (LC) discovery
potentials.Comment: 4 pages, no figures. LaTeX. Talk given at "The 2009 Europhysics
Conference on High Energy Physics", Krakow, Poland, July 16-22, 200
High Intensity Interval Training or Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise in Patients with Myocardial Infarction?
Objectives: To determine the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally causing a significant reduction in the quality of life of these patients. Participation of these patients in rehabilitation programs which involve a significant component of exercise seems to help by improving functional capacity and quality of life (QoL). Despite the beneficial effect of exercise, the type of exercise that yields the best results is yet to be determined.Methods: Three databases (MEDLINE, CINHAL and SportDirect) were searched in May-June 2017 for original articles regarding the effect of two types of exercise in patients with myocardial infarction. Randomized control trial studies which enrolled patients with myocardial infarction and studied the effects of HIIT and/or MICE, were included in this review. Data were extracted and summarised and all studies were assessed for bias.Results: Both forms of exercise seem to improve the relevant outcome measures such as functional capacity, QoL, walking distance, fatigue and function of the left heart. However HIIT seemed to be better in comparison with MICE in improving these outcomes. Several limitations and risk of bias have been identified and reported.Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICE are recommended for patients with MI. Further research is required to conclusively support the superiority of HIIT over other types of exercise
Lepton number violation in heavy Higgs boson decays to sneutrinos
We study the possibility of observing lepton number violation in the right-handed sneutrino sector of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric Standard Model extended with right-handed neutrinos. The scalar potential introduces a lepton number violating mass term for the right-handed sneutrinos, which generates a phase difference that results in oscillations between the sneutrino and antisneutrino. If we have light Higgsinos and right-handed sneutrinos, the sneutrino decay width is determined by the tiny Yukawa couplings, which allows the phase difference to accumulate before the sneutrino decays. We investigate the possibilities of producing sneutrino pairs resonantly through a heavy Higgs of such a model and the ability of seeing a lepton number violating signature emerging from sneutrinos at the Large Hadron Collider. We also discuss how a possible future signal of this type could be used to determine the neutrino Yukawa couplings.Peer reviewe
Hunting light Higgses at the LHC in the context of the 2HDM Type-I
We show the reinterpretation of existing searches for exotic decays of the
Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs, , in various final states, in
the framework of the 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) Type-I. We then explore a new
search for such light Higgses, and , at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Run 3 for an integrated luminosity of 300 . After performing a
scan over the model parameters, we found that the inverted scenario of Type-I
offers a new promising signal in the form of the following cascade decays: . We investigate
then its significance through a full Monte Carlo (MC) simulation down to the
detector level.Comment: Talk presented at the 41st International Conference on High Energy
physic
A smoking gun signature of the 3HDM
We analyse new signals of a 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) at the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) where only one doublet acquires a Vacuum Expectation Value
(VEV), preserving a parity. The other two doublets are \textit{inert} and
do not develop a VEV, leading to a \textit{dark scalar sector} controlled by
, with the lightest CP-even dark scalar being the Dark Matter (DM)
candidate. This leads to the loop induced decay of the next-to-lightest scalar,
(), mediated by both dark CP-odd
neutral and charged scalars. This is a smoking-gun signal of the 3HDM since it
is not allowed in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) with one inert doublet and
is expected to be important when and are close in mass. In
practice, this signature can be observed in the cascade decay of the SM-like
Higgs boson, into two DM particles and
di-leptons or into two
DM particles and four-leptons, where is produced from gluon-gluon Fusion.
In order to test the feasibility of these channels at the LHC, we devise some
benchmarks, compliant with collider, DM and cosmological data, for which the
interplay between these production and decay modes is discussed. In particular,
we show that the resulting detector signatures, \Et \ell \bar \ell or \Et
\ell \bar \ell \ell \bar \ell, with the invariant mass of
pairs much smaller than , can potentially be extracted already from Run 3
data and at the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1712.0959
Exploring Sensitivity to NMSSM Signatures with Low Missing Transverse Energy at the LHC
We examine scenarios in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
(NMSSM), where pair-produced squarks and gluinos decay via two cascades, each
ending in a stable neutralino as Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) and a
Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson, with mass spectra such that the missing
transverse energy, , is very small. Performing
two-dimensional parameter scans and focusing on the hadronic decay giving a final state
we explore the sensitivity of a current LHC general-purpose
jets+ analysis to such scenarios.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, 6 table
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome following deep brain stimulation surgery: a case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is an uncommon but dangerous complication characterized by hyperthermia, autonomic dysfunction, altered mental state, hemodynamic dysregulation, elevated serum creatine kinase, and rigor. It is most often caused by an adverse reaction to anti-psychotic drugs or abrupt discontinuation of neuroleptic or anti-parkinsonian agents. To the best of our knowledge, it has never been reported following the common practice of discontinuation of anti-parkinsonian drugs during the pre-operative preparation for deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson's disease.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the first case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with discontinuation of anti-parkinsonian medication prior to deep brain stimulation surgery in a 54-year-old Caucasian man.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The characteristic neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms can be attributed to other, more common causes associated with deep brain stimulation treatment for Parkinson's disease, thus requiring a high index of clinical suspicion to timely establish the correct diagnosis. As more centers become eligible to perform deep brain stimulation, neurologists and neurosurgeons alike should be aware of this potentially fatal complication. Timely activation of the deep brain stimulation system may be important in accelerating the patient's recovery.</p
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