Changing Women’s Roles in Homestead Management: Mainstreaming Women in Rural Development

This paper has been prepared as part of CPD's advocacy activities with IRRI under the PETRRA project and was presented at the dialogue on Women's Contribution to Rural Economic Activities: Making the Invisible Visible. It reports the result of the focus group discussions with men and women as a supplement to the quantitative information gathered from household surveys as presented in the CPD Occasional Paper 41. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted in 8 out of the 62 villages from 57 districts included in the quantitative study.Women, Bangladesh

Empowering women to achieve food security: Technology

Non-PRIFPRI1; Gender; 2020DG

Gender, caste, and asset control: Implications for agricultural projects in rice-wheat systems of eastern India

Non-PRIFPRI1; GAAP; CRP4; CRP2; G Cross-cutting gender themeA4NH; EPTD; PHND; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON WOMEN'S ROLE IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD DECISION-MAKING IN KOREAN AND THE PHILIPPINE RICE FARMING HOUSEHOLDS

The purpose of this study is to contribute to a greater understanding of the similarities and differences in intrahousehold decision-making patterns between Korea and the Philippines based on survey data targeting married, rice-farming households. We focused on factors influencing intrahousehold decision-making patterns, as this area has received relatively less coverage in the research related to gender roles. As a result of a regression analysis, we found a common influential factor, termed here as ‘household member’, and compared decision-making patterns and social activities between households with and without a husband in each country. Our findings from this study are as follows: (1) Although Korea scored higher in agricultural work and the Philippines scored higher score in nonagricultural work, there was no significant difference in the total score. (2) The factors which affected intrahousehold decision-making patterns were slightly different between two countries. The common factors which affected the decision-making structure were the ‘total size of landholdings’ and ‘household member’. The variable of ‘household member’ was the most influential on decision-making patterns in both countries. (3) In Korea, the difference of the rate of wives' village meeting participation between the groups with and without a husband was very significant. This study showed that women’s over-empowerment not resulting from a normal condition as much as men’s over-authority could be in question; there may be a need for social support for those doing agricultural and nonagricultural work by themselves

Determinants of Household Income: A Quantile Regression Approach for Four Rice-Producing Areas in the Philippines

This paper investigates the determinants of total household income in selected rice-based farming villages in the Philippines. A quantile regression approach was applied on cross-section data obtained from 656 farming households across four provinces. Determinants of household income were examined using an ordinary quantile regression approach, which, unlike conditional mean regression, allows parameter variation across income quantiles. The quantile regression approach also enables the analysis of income determinants for extreme categories such as low-income households. Results indicate that coefficients estimated through ordinary least squares (OLS) could be misleading. The quantile estimates preserved their signs in most cases but their magnitude varied across quantiles. The paper particularly emphasizes the determinants of income for poor households. The quantile estimations show that education of the male head and the existence of migrant workers in households are the most important determinants of income for poor households

Rural Labor Outmigration and Gender Dimension in an Assessment of Farm Technical Efficiency: A Case Study in Selected Rice Villages in the Philippines

Several studies have shown that labor outmigration is one of the livelihood strategies of poor farming households. However, no studies have shown its effect on rice crop production including a gender dimension on technical efficiency in rice farming. This paper attempts to improve the understanding of the relationship between male and female labor migration and farm technical efficiency in selected rice-based farming villages in the Philippines. Using cross-section data from 670 farm households in the Luzon area in the Philippines, results indicate that the type of migration, experience of the migrant, and frequency of home visits enhance farm technical efficiency; however, sex of the migrant increases inefficiencies. The average technical efficiency is 0.74. This implies that, in the short run, there is scope for increasing rice productivity by about 26 percent by conducting formal and informal trainings among the adult household members and providing them access to technical knowledge on the use of improved rice varieties and associated crop and resource management practices

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF LABOR OUT MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES ON INCOME AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE PHILIPPINES, THAILAND AND VIETNAM

Out migration from rural areas is increasingly becoming a strategy to get out of poverty. While rice–based agriculture remains to be the backbone in Southeast Asia, majority of the farming households particularly those who produce rice under rainfed conditions remain poor and insecure. This paper examines the relationship between migration and other socio-economic factors on household income using data from 1,874 rice sample farming households in Vietnam (north and south), Thailand (northeast) and Philippines (Luzon island). In the Philippines, remittances contribute about 60 per cent of household income of recipient families. In Thailand and Vietnam, of the total household income, about 40 per cent are from remittances. International migration is most prevalent in the Philippines while rural to urban migration is more prevalent in Thailand and Vietnam due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as improved transport and communication networks. Migration has a positive and significant relationship on household income. Remittances both from internal and international migration are predominantly used to meet daily expenses including food, farm (inputs and payment of hired laborers) and children’s education. Given the stability and reliability of the flow or remittances, they play a significant role in consumption smoothing for the poor. Remittances partake the nature of insurance for use at times of need and ease credit constraints for investments in agriculture. Those who are left behind, the elderly and the women, manage to maintain rice yields at par with those households without migrants

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF LABOR OUT MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES ON INCOME AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE PHILIPPINES, THAILAND AND VIETNAM

Out migration from rural areas is increasingly becoming a strategy to get out of poverty. While rice–based agriculture remains to be the backbone in Southeast Asia, majority of the farming households particularly those who produce rice under rainfed conditions remain poor and insecure. This paper examines the relationship between migration and other socio-economic factors on household income using data from 1,874 rice sample farming households in Vietnam (north and south), Thailand (northeast) and Philippines (Luzon island). In the Philippines, remittances contribute about 60 per cent of household income of recipient families. In Thailand and Vietnam, of the total household income, about 40 per cent are from remittances. International migration is most prevalent in the Philippines while rural to urban migration is more prevalent in Thailand and Vietnam due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as improved transport and communication networks. Migration has a positive and significant relationship on household income. Remittances both from internal and international migration are predominantly used to meet daily expenses including food, farm (inputs and payment of hired laborers) and children’s education. Given the stability and reliability of the flow or remittances, they play a significant role in consumption smoothing for the poor. Remittances partake the nature of insurance for use at times of need and ease credit constraints for investments in agriculture. Those who are left behind, the elderly and the women, manage to maintain rice yields at par with those households without migrants.migration, remittances, income, rice, farming systems,