Planung und Partizipation in den regulierten Konsumgesellschaften Schwedens und Norwegens zwischen 1930 und 1960

Planning and participation in the regulated consumer societies of Sweden and Norway, 1930-60. In the 1930s, the regulation of consumption was integrated into the overarching policy of scientific management in the Scandinavian social democracies, which aimed at rationalising the whole fabric of socio-economic relations. As part of a programme of scientific reformism, the language of increased productivity through rationalisation was transferred from the industrial workplace to the home. However, there was no collective organisation of consumers corresponding to the trade unions of workers ready to negotiate these reforms. The tide was flowing in the opposite direction: Consumer organisations were losing territory to the state by the same movement as the housewife-as-consumer was gaining in visibility. Through an increasingly centralised home economics sector the consumer emerged as an ideal yet strangely silent character in the political communication of the Social Democratic regimes during the transition to affluence

Food rationing during World War two: a special case of sustainable consumption?

This article explores some of the strategies applied by consumers for making-do during the Second World War in Norway. By reducing waste, using various substitutes and exploiting underused natural resources such as wild plants, birds, and alternative marine sources of nutrition, Norwegian consumers adapted their diet to a situation of food scarcity. However, their everyday consumption was primarily governed by the regulatory framework installed for dealing with the crisis, namely the rationing system. By 1942, almost all common foods had been placed under rationing. Despite of the many bureaucratic inconveniences of this system, it was largely supported by consumers, who accepted it as a socially just mechanism for distributing scarce resources. The article brings up the question of how far the willingness of consumers to accept rationing was a unique experience of the war, or whether one might imagine a similar design for purposes of sustainable consumption.Cet article explore quelques unes des stratégies utilisées par les consommateurs pour survivre pendant la 2è guerre mondiale en Norvège. En limitant les déchets, en utilisant des produits de substitution ainsi que les ressources de la nature telles que plantes sauvages, oiseaux et aliments marins alternatifs, les consommateurs norvégiens ont pu adapter leur alimentation à cette période de pénurie alimentaire. La nourriture quotidienne était toutefois essentiellement encadrée par la réglementation mise en place afin de faire face à la crise, c’est à dire le système de rationnement. En 1942, presque tous les aliments étaient rationnés. En dépit de ses nombreux inconvénients administratifs, le rationnement fut quand même soutenu par les consommateurs, qui l’acceptèrent comme un système socialement équitable pour la distribution des maigres ressources. L’article développe la question suivante : l’acceptation du rationnement par les consommateurs norvégiens est-elle liée uniquement à la période de guerre, ou bien pourrait-on imaginer un système similaire pour favoriser une consommation durable

Food rationing during World War two: a special case of sustainable consumption?

This article explores some of the strategies applied by consumers for making-do during the Second World War in Norway. By reducing waste, using various substitutes and exploiting underused natural resources such as wild plants, birds, and alternative marine sources of nutrition, Norwegian consumers adapted their diet to a situation of food scarcity. However, their everyday consumption was primarily governed by the regulatory framework installed for dealing with the crisis, namely the rationing system. By 1942, almost all common foods had been placed under rationing. Despite of the many bureaucratic inconveniences of this system, it was largely supported by consumers, who accepted it as a socially just mechanism for distributing scarce resources. The article brings up the question of how far the willingness of consumers to accept rationing was a unique experience of the war, or whether one might imagine a similar design for purposes of sustainable consumption

Frivillige organisasjoner : En kommentert bibliografi 2006

Begrepet «sivilsamfunn» dekker sammenslutninger mellom stat, marked og familie. Feltet rommer frivillige organisasjoner, stiftelser, selvhjelpsgrupper, fagforeninger og andre verdi- og interessesammenslutninger. Dette er en bibliografi over forskningsbasert litteratur knyttet til deler av dette feltet. Hovedtyngden av litteraturen er utgitt i perioden 1980 til 2006, med vekt på Norge og Skandinavia. Bibliografien dekker sammenslutninger med ideelt eller allmennyttig formål, og utelater næringsorganisasjoner, fagforeninger og andre organisasjoner knyttet til arbeidslivet.Skriftene er ordnet etter tema/ problemstilling, samt organisasjonstype i 13 kategorier totalt, med en kort innledning for hver kategori

Frivillige organisasjoner : En kommentert bibliografi 2006

Begrepet «sivilsamfunn» dekker sammenslutninger mellom stat, marked og familie. Feltet rommer frivillige organisasjoner, stiftelser, selvhjelpsgrupper, fagforeninger og andre verdi- og interessesammenslutninger. Dette er en bibliografi over forskningsbasert litteratur knyttet til deler av dette feltet. Hovedtyngden av litteraturen er utgitt i perioden 1980 til 2006, med vekt på Norge og Skandinavia. Bibliografien dekker sammenslutninger med ideelt eller allmennyttig formål, og utelater næringsorganisasjoner, fagforeninger og andre organisasjoner knyttet til arbeidslivet.Skriftene er ordnet etter tema/ problemstilling, samt organisasjonstype i 13 kategorier totalt, med en kort innledning for hver kategori