Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Latinos: Findings from the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging Study

To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in an elderly Latino population and to determine whether inflammation modifies this association. DESIGN : A longitudinal cohort study. SETTING : Sacramento area and the surrounding California counties from 1998 to 1999. PARTICIPANTS : One thousand six hundred twenty-four Latinos aged 60 and older who participated in the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging. MEASUREMENTS : Baseline metabolic syndrome was calculated using the Third Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Cognitive function was measured using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and the Delayed Word-List Recall (DelRec), a verbal memory test. The effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive change scores was examined using random effects models; in addition, the effect of the individual components of the syndrome on cognitive change was examined. RESULTS : Of the 1,624 participants, 718 (44%) had metabolic syndrome at baseline. Those with metabolic syndrome had worse 3-year change scores on 3MS ( P =.04) and DelRec ( P =.03). Multivariate adjustment attenuated the results for DelRec but not for 3MS. This association was especially pronounced in participants with a high serum level of inflammation, resulting in an average 3MS score 0.64 points lower per year ( P =.03) for those with metabolic syndrome. Individual components of metabolic syndrome were not associated with cognitive decline except for elevated glucose on the DelRec ( P =.02) and high blood pressure on 3MS ( P =.05). CONCLUSION : Metabolic syndrome and inflammation may both contribute to cognitive decline in older people of diverse backgrounds. The results also suggest that, in elderly Latinos, the composite measure of metabolic syndrome is a greater risk for cognitive decline than its individual components.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65598/1/j.1532-5415.2007.01139.x.pd

Effect of a weight loss intervention on anthropometric measures and metabolic risk factors in pre- versus postmenopausal women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present study examines changes in body weight, fat mass, metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight and obese pre- and postmenopausal women who participated in a weight loss intervention.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventy-two subjects were included in the analysis of this single arm study (premenopausal: 22 women, age 43.7 ± 6.4 years, BMI 31.0 ± 2.4 kg/m²; postmenopausal: 50 women, age 58.2 ± 5.1 years, BMI 32.9 ± 3.7 kg/m²). Weight reduction was achieved by the use of a meal replacement and fat-reduced diet. In addition, from week 6 to 24 participants attended a guided exercise program. Body composition was analyzed with the Bod Pod^®. Blood pressures were taken at every visit and blood was collected at baseline and closeout of the study to evaluate lipids, insulin, cortisol and leptin levels.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, leptin and cortisol were higher in the postmenopausal women at baseline.</p> <p>Both groups achieved a substantial and comparable weight loss (pre- vs. postmenopausal: 6.7 ± 4.9 vs 6.7 ± 4.4 kg; n.s.). However, in contrast to premenopausal women, weight loss in postmenopausal women was exclusively due to a reduction of fat mass (-5.3 ± 5.1 vs -6.6 ± 4.1 kg; p < 0.01). In premenopausal women 21% of weight loss was attributed to a reduction in lean body mass.</p> <p>Blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and glucose improved significantly only in postmenopausal women whereas total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lowered significantly in both groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Both groups showed comparable weight loss and in postmenopausal women weight loss was associated with a pronounced improvement in metabolic risk factors thereby reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.</p

Re-evaluation of waist circumference in metabolic syndrome: a comparison between Japanese men and women

We re-evaluated the criteria for waist circumference to predict the accumulation of the components of metabolic syndrome. We used data for 3,185 Japanese, aged 20-79 years. Metabolic syndrome has recently been redefined by a new criterion in Japan, in which waist circumference cutoff points, i.e. 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women, are employed. Among the 3,185 Japanese considered in the present study, 335 men (26.8%) and 69 women (3.6%) were diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome. A cutoff point as a predictor for 2 or more components of metabolic syndrome was evaluated by sensitivity/specificity and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The optimal point was estimated as being approximately 85 cm of waist circumference in men and 75 cm in women. We therefore recommend a cutoff value, 75 cm of waist circumference, for the criterion of metabolic syndrome in women

High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Iran: a large population-based study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health threat, associated with an alarming increase in morbidity and mortality. The importance is the worldwide increase in its incidence and prevalence.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this cross-sectional study, we estimate the prevalence and determine the associated factors of chronic kidney disease in a representative sample of 10063 participants aged over 20 years, in Tehran, Iran. Chronic kidney disease was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated from abbreviated prediction equation provided by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study (MDRD).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall prevalence of CKD with the abbreviated MDRD equation was 18.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 18.2, 20.6). Age adjusted prevalence of CKD was 14.9% (95%CI 14.2, 15.6). Factors associated to CKD include age(years)(odds ratio(OR) 1.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.2), female gender (OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.6, 3.7), BMI (BMI 25 to <30 OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.3, 1.8 and BMI ≥ 30 OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3, 2.0), high waist circumference (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.4), hypertension (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1, 1.4), and dyslipidemia (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.5).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CKD with its high prevalence poses a definite health threat in Iran.</p

همبستگی هليکوباکتر پيلوری با پری فشارخون در ساکنين شمال خليج فارس

زمينه: در مورد ارتباط عفونت مزمن با هليکوباکتر پيلوری و پری فشارخون، اطلاعات ضد و نقيض است و گفته می شود علت آن عوامل مخدوش کننده در اين مطالعات است. در اين مطالعه که نخستين بار در غرب آسيا انجام گرفته است، به ارتباط همبستگی ميان سرولوژی مثبت با هليکوباکتر پيلوری و فشار خون بالا با کنترل عوامل مخدوش کننده درکنار عوامل متابوليک پرداخته شده است. مواد و روش‎ها: به منظور يافت همبستگی ميان هليکوباکتر پيلوری و پری فشارخون، 1752 نفر (3/49 درصد مرد و 7/50 درصد زن) از افراد بالای 25 سال، طی يک نمونه گيری تصادفی خوشه ای چند مرحله ای از شهر های بوشهر، گناوه و ديلم در شمال خليج فارس در استان بوشهر، براساس تعريف پری فشارخون سازمان بهداشت جهانی و انجام سرولوژی آنتی بادی های اختصاصی عليه هليکوباکتر پيلوری، به روش اليزا مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. يافته‌ها: شيوع پری فشارخون و سرولوژی با هليکوباکتر پيلوری در جمعيت مورد مطالعه به ترتيب 3/26 و 6/61 درصد بود. براساس آناليز رگرسيون لجستيک چندگانه، پری فشارخون با سرولوژی مثبت با هليکوباکتر پيلوری مستقل از ديابت تيپ دو، LDL-کلسترول بالا، مصرف دخانيات و BMI بالا همبستگی [001/0=P؛ (89/1-18/1)CI؛ 49/1 =OR] از خود نشان داد. نتيجه گيری: عفونت با هليکوباکتر پيلوری در سطح جمعيت شمال خليج فارس، بعد از تعديل عوامل دموگرافيک و متابوليک، با پری فشارخون همبستگی دارد. واژه‌های کلیدی: پری فشارخون، هليکوباکتر پيلوری، ديابت تيپ دو، چاقی

Decreasing Abdominal Circumference Is Associated with Improving Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) with Lifestyle Modification in Japanese Men: A Pilot Study

The link between changes in a subject's metabolic syndrome components and his estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated in healthy Japanese men. We used data from 120 Japanese men (45.5±8.4 years) with a 1-year follow up. eGFR was defined by a new equation developed for Japan. There were no significant differences in eGFR between men with and without metabolic syndrome components at baseline. Subjects were given advice for dietary and lifestyle improvement. At the 1-year follow up, almost all metabolic syndrome components were significantly improved. However, eGFR was significantly decreased. The changes in eGFR were weakly correlated with abdominal circumference (r＝－0.232, p＝0.0106). A decrease in abdominal circumference may be associated with improving eGFR in Japanese men

Addition of Sodium Bicarbonate to Irrigation Solution May Assist in Dissolution of Uric Acid Fragments During Ureteroscopy

Introduction: We hypothesized that adding sodium bicarbonate (bicarb) to normal saline (NS) irrigation during ureteroscopy in patients with uric acid (UA) nephrolithiasis may assist in dissolving small stone fragments produced during laser lithotripsy. In vitro testing was performed to determine whether dissolution of UA fragments could be accomplished within 1 hour. Materials and Methods: In total 100% UA renal calculi were fragmented, filtered, and separated by size. Fragment sizes were <0.5 mm and 0.5 to 1 mm. Similar amounts of stone material were agitated in solution at room temperature. Four solutions were tested (NS, NS +1 ampule bicarb/L, NS +2, NS +3). Both groups were filtered to remove solutions after fixed periods. Filtered specimens were dried and weighed. Fragment dissolution rates were calculated as percent removed per hour. Additional testing was performed to determine whether increasing the temperature of solution affected dissolution rates. Results: For fragments <0.5 mm, adding 2 or 3 bicarb ampules/L NS produced a dissolution rate averaging 91% ± 29% per hour. This rate averaged 226% faster than NS alone. With fragments 0.5 to 1 mm, addition of 2 or 3 bicarb ampules/L NS yielded a dissolution rate averaging 22% ± 7% per hour, which was nearly five times higher than NS alone. There was a trend for an increase in mean dissolution rate with higher temperature but this increase was not significant (p = 0.30). Conclusions: The addition of bicarbonate to NS more than doubles the dissolution rate of UA stone fragments and fragments less than 0.5 mm can be completely dissolved within 1 hour. Addition of bicarb to NS irrigation is a simple and inexpensive approach that may assist in the dissolution of UA fragments produced during ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. Further studies are needed to determine whether a clinical benefit exists

Age related metabolic syndrome among hemodialysis patients in Gorgan, Iran

People with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The present study aimed to determine the age related metabolic syndrome of hemodialysis patients. The biochemical parameters and demographic information were registered. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly high in ages 50-59 and 60-69 years in hemodialysis patients when compared with other age groups (P< 0.05). There was elevated frequency of metabolic syndrome from age 50-59 and 40-49 years in male and female hemodialysis patients, respectively. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in female subjects (65.27%) was higher than male (47.14%, P<0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was high in ages 50-59 years in males and females. There was a significant difference in hemodialysis patients with metabolic syndrome in ages 50-59 years in males and from ages 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 years in females (P< 0.05). Our results show that 25.71%, 18.57% and 2.86% males and 36.11%, 20.83% and 8.33% females had three, four and five criteria for metabolic syndrome, respectively. The results of this study showed that females patients were more affected than males. This may depended on the specific lifestyle alterations among females and males patients in this area. Marjani et al