Aspectos anatomopatológicos das neoplasias malignas renais: Anatomopathological aspects of malignant renal neoplasms

As neoplasias renais correspondem ao crescimento exacerbado de células tumorais no interior dos rins, classificadas como benignas ou malignas. Neste estudo será abordado sobre as neoplasias malignas renais, a qual correspondem a maior prevalência e são representadas pelo carcinoma de células renais e o tumor de Wilms, com a finalidade de descrever a respeito dos aspectos anatomopatológicos, disseminando informações para o diagnóstico e manejo precoce. O carcinoma de células renais é mais prevalente no sexo masculino, indivíduos mais velhos, geralmente assintomático, contribuindo para o diagnóstico tardio junto a existência de metástases e terapêutica irresponsiva. Não se trata de uma doença genética, sendo o caráter esporádico o predominante, neste contexto os fatores de risco, sobretudo o tabagismo em seguida de obesidade hemodiálise e doenças genéticas são potenciais desencadeantes da enfermidade. Os exames complementares associado a clínica, junto ao acompanhamento eleva a possibilidade de identificação antes de avanços metastáticos. O tumor de Wilms é típico de crianças, acometendo um ou ambos os rins, normalmente com alguma anomalia genética, sendo os sinais inespecíficos, mas sempre manifestando massa palpável e dor abdominal, a qual os métodos de imagem confirmam o diagnóstico e estimam o prognóstico deste. Neste contexto, elucida-se a transcendência que os aspectos anatomopatológicos das neoplasias malignas renais oferecem para a diagnose precoce, devido a escassez e inespecificidafe das manifestações clínicas. Logo, a junção do perfil de cada neoplasia abordado conduz ao manejo adequado e reduz a incidência de tratamentos agressivos e irresponsivos

Perfil de letramento em saúde de portadores de doença renal crônica em tratamento pré-dialítico

Objetivo: descrever as condições de letramento em saúde de portadores de doença renal crônica em tratamento pré-dialítico. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 41 portadores de doença renal crônica em tratamento pré-dialítico em acompanhamento ambulatorial, nos meses de janeiro a julho de 2019. Nas entrevistas foi aplicada a versão brasileira do questionário Health Literacy Questionnaire e um questionário sociodemográfico e clínico. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para análise dos dados. Resultados: os participantes tiveram menor desempenho nas escalas - informações suficientes para administrar minha saúde e capacidade de encontrar boas informações sobre saúde. E melhores desempenhos encontrados foram no apoio social e na capacidade de se envolver ativamente com os profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: o estudo fornece uma análise mais complexa dos pontos fortes e limitações relacionadas ao letramento em saúde de portadores de doença renal nos estágios iniciais, complemento importante para o campo do cuidado dessa população

Evaluation of pathogenicity of <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum strains harbouring deletions in genes whose orthologues are conserved pseudogenes in <i>S</i>. Pullorum

<div><p>The diseases caused by <i>Salmonella</i> Gallinarum and <i>S</i>. Pullorum in chickens known as fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively, pose a great threat to the poultry industry mainly in developing countries, since they have already been controlled in the developed ones. These bacteria are very similar at the genomic level but develop distinct host-pathogen relationships with chickens. Therefore, a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby <i>S</i>. Gallinarum and <i>S</i>. Pullorum interact with the host could lead to the development of new approaches to control and, perhaps, eradicate both diseases from the chicken flocks worldwide. Based on our previous study, it was hypothesised that metabolism-related pseudogenes, fixed in <i>S</i>. Pullorum genomes, could play a role in the distinct host-pathogen interaction with susceptible chickens. To test this idea, three genes (<i>idnT</i>, <i>idnO</i> and <i>ccmH</i>) of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91, which are pseudogenes on the <i>S</i>. Pullorum chromosomes, were inactivated by mutations. These genetically engineered strains grew well on the solid media without any colony morphology difference. In addition, similar growth curves were obtained by cultivation in M9 minimal medium containing D-gluconate as the sole carbon source. Infection of chickens with <i>idnTO</i> mutants led to increased numbers of bacteria in the livers and spleens at 5 days post-infection, but with slightly decreased heterophil infiltration in the spleens when compared to the wild-type strain. On the other hand, no significant phenotypic change was caused by mutation to <i>ccmH</i> genes. Apart from the above-mentioned alterations, all <i>S</i>. Gallinarum strains provoked similar infections, since mortality, clinical signs, macroscopic alterations and immune response were similar to the infected chickens. Therefore, according to the model applied to this study, mutation to the <i>idnTO</i> and <i>ccmH</i> genes showed minor impact on the fowl typhoid pathogenesis and so they may be relics from the ancestor genome. Our data hints at a more complex mechanism driving the distinct host-pathogen interaction of <i>S</i>. Gallinarum/Pullorum with chickens than differential inactivation of a few genes.</p></div

Growth curves of SG287/91 and its derivative mutants cultured in M9 minimal media containing D-gluconate as the sole carbon source.

<p>(*) On the comparison by time point, the growth of at least two strains statistically differed by one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Symbols on the curve express mean ± standard deviation. SG287/91: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 (parental strain); SGΔ<i>ccmH</i>: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 harbouring mutation in the genes <i>ccmH</i>; SGΔ<i>ccmHidnTO</i>: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 harbouring mutations in the genes <i>idnTO</i> and <i>ccmH</i>; SGΔ<i>idnTO</i>: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 harbouring mutation in the genes <i>idnTO</i>.</p

Number of viable colony-forming units (CFU) per gram (g) of liver or spleen tissue collected from chickens infected on the 15 day of age.

<p>Organs were collected at 1, 3 and 5 days post-infection (dpi). Graph interpretation: Groups compared by day-post infection for each analysed tissue. Different letters stand for statistically distinct CFU / g through one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. (*) A single liver sample which was positive for SGΔ<i>idnTO</i> after enrichment; SP449/87: <i>S</i>. Pullorum str. 449/87 (pullorum disease positive control); SG287/91: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 (fowl typhoid positive control); SGΔ<i>ccmH</i>: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 harbouring mutation on the genes <i>ccmH</i> alone; SGΔ<i>idnTO</i>: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 harbouring mutation on the genes <i>idnTO</i> alone; SGΔ<i>ccmHidnTO</i>: <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 harbouring both mutations.</p

Transcription of the cytokine-related genes evaluated in this study by RT-qPCR.

<p>Chickens were orally infected with the strains here tested on the 15 day of age. Samples of caecal tonsils and spleen tissues were collected at 1, 3 and 5 dpi. (*) This symbol shows groups whose mRNA transcription statistically differs by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (* <i>P</i> < 0.05 / ** <i>P</i> < 0.01). CXCLi2: CXC-like chemokine previously named as interleukin 8; IL6: Interleukin 6; IFN: Interferon gamma; (CT): Caecal tonsil; (SP): Spleen; Control: Non-infected chickens; SP449/87: Chickens infected with <i>S</i>. Pullorum str. 449/87 (pullorum disease positive control); SG287/91: Chickens infected with <i>S</i>. Gallinarum str. 287/91 (fowl typhoid positive control); SGΔ<i>ccmH</i>: Chickens infected with SGΔ<i>ccmH</i>; SGΔ<i>idnTO</i>: Chickens infected with SGΔ<i>idnTO</i>; SGΔ<i>ccmHidnTO</i>: Chickens infected with SGΔ<i>ccmHidnTO</i>.</p

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora