The Importance of Economic Education: Preparing Future Generations for Global Economic Challenges

Economic education has a central role in equipping future generations with a solid understanding of basic economic concepts and the skills needed to face global economic challenges. This abstract summarizes the results of discussions that highlight crucial aspects of economic education, including its role in improving understanding of economic concepts, preparation for global challenges, and development of critical and analytical skills. Discussions also include the linkage of research results to educational policy, a focus on developing ethical attitudes and social responsibility, and how economic education stimulates global collaboration and entrepreneurship. In conclusion, economic education not only provides conceptual knowledge but also forms the attitudes and skills needed to participate actively in the growing global economy

空洞が存在する風化岩地盤の単杭の支持力特性とその評価

侵食や風化作用によって地盤内に形成される空洞は，構造物基礎の支持力低下を導き，構造物の安全性，健全性，耐久性に影響を与える。そのため，空洞が存在する地盤に対する基礎の設計法・対策法の確立が望まれている。特に，このことは化学的風化を受け易く，多くの空洞の存在が確認されている風化岩地盤では重要となる。現在，我が国では，風化岩地盤（カルスト地形）は国土面積の約0.44％を占め，特に沖縄県における海上構造物の建設時に多くの空洞の存在が確認されている。その他，東南アジアに位置するベトナムにおいても風化岩地盤が国土面積の約20％を占めており，人口増加と経済の急速な発展に伴って，そのような地域（特に北部，北中部）での開発が進められている。このような空洞を有する風化岩地盤の支持力動員メカニズムについては，地盤工学的にも未解明な点が多く，研究も限られている。本研究では，風化岩地盤内に埋設した単杭の支持力に対する空洞の影響を定量化し，杭の支持力動員度とそれに起因する空洞破壊のメカニズムを明らかにしている。本研究の目的を達成するために，一連の重力場の模型実験と数値解析を実施している。模型実験では，人工的に作製した空洞の位置を変化させ，風化岩地盤の地盤強度を想定した石膏模型地盤に対して単杭支持力実験を行っている。その後，模型実験の妥当性と杭の支持力動員機構を評価するために，本研究では2次元の離散要素法プログラムを使用した解析を行っている。一連の模型実験では，杭径dに対して空洞の位置を，d，2d，3d，4dに変化させた場合の杭の支持力動員度を明らかにしている。また，一連の数値解析では，連続体解析と比較して，不連続解析（離散要素法）では亀裂伝播が明瞭に再現されること，空洞の崩壊メカニズムが視覚的に表現できることを明らかにしている。これらの結果に基づいて，空洞位置の変化による支持力低減率を定量化し，杭基礎の適用における空洞の影響評価を行っている。また，空洞の存在が支持力に及ぼす影響深さは，杭径の4倍が限界距離であり，それ以上の深さに存在する空洞の影響は無視できること，また，その平面的な概形は，簡易的にダイヤモンド形状で表現できることを示している。研究の総括として，空洞が存在する場合の単杭の支持力設計手法を新たに提案している。The design and construction of foundations in easily weathered rocks have posed various challenges to geotechnical engineers. One challenge is the formation of cavities in limestone, dolomite due to the chemical weathering process. In Japan, karst topography occupies nearly 0.44% of the land area (1763.73 km2). Specifically, many large-scale caves were found during the geological survey when constructing sea embankments in Okinawa. In Vietnam, it occupies nearly 20% of the land area (approximately 60,000 km2), with some typical regions in the North and Northern Central of the country. Cavities can reduce the bearing capacity of foundations. Therefore, sudden failure is a constant threat to the safety of structures founded on the ground with cavities. This study aims to quantify the influence of the cavity on the pile bearing capacity through reduction factors and gain more insight into the failure mechanism of the area around the pile tip and cavity. A series of model tests was carried out on a small-scale single pile embedded in gypsum rock with predetermined cavities, thereafter, the numerical analysis was conducted. The studied model was simulated by the discrete element method (DEM) using the two-dimensional discontinuous program. Compared with continuum analysis, the DEM can simulate crack propagation. The reduction factor was calculated to quantify the cavity impact on the pile bearing capacity. The experimental and analytical results clearly show that reduction factors decrease with an increase in the depth from the pile tip to the cavity, and the pile capacity is significantly reduced when cavities are located close to the pile tip. The DEM simulation results visualized the cracks that appeared inside the rock mass and the collapse of the cavity roof area, which cannot be seen in the experiment. It revealed that the failure of the cavity roof was mainly caused by the cracks running from the pile tip to the upper corners of the cavity. The study also indicated a critical distance of 4 times pile diameter from the pile tip to the cavity that the influence of cavities to the pile is negligible. Finally, a framework was suggested to apply in pile foundation design in the ground with cavities. Although there were some quantitative differences, the numerical analysis could simulate the same tendency of reduction factors with the experiment. The combination of using experiments and DEM simulations can beneficially examine the influences of cavities on the pile behavior qualitatively and visually.室蘭工業大学 (Muroran Institute of Technology)博士（工学

HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT THROUGH FOOD CHAIN IN SOME AREAS WITH HIGH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

STUDY ON REMOVING COLOR IN THE EXTRACT SOLUTION FROM VEGETABLES FOR ANALYZING ORGANOCHLORIDE PESTICIDES RESIDUE IN HANOI MARKETS

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Catalytic Activity of Cr2O3/sepiolite in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol

Cr2O3/sepiolite samples with different loadings have been prepared through the precipitation method and characterized by several physical methods such as XRD, TEM, BET, and TGA... The as-prepared materials have large surface area, high distribution of Cr2O3 nanoxides on the nanofibrous sepiolite. The catalysts have been tested in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with t-BuOOH. Chromium oxides were found to be active sites for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to aldehyde. The catalytic activity varied with reaction time and temperature. The appropriate temperature is about 60-70oC with conversion of 40-60% and benzaldehyde selectivity of 90%

Some Factors Affecting The Intention Of Self-Studying Students Of An Giang University

Facing the trend of the 4th industrial revolution, the self-study capacity of students has a very important meaning in improving the quality of training. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the intention of self-study of An Giang University students. The study uses the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on the basis of collecting data from 300 students studying the faculties of An Giang University. The study use methods of testing the reliability of scales by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression analysis. Research results show that there are five factors that influence students' intention to self-study of students, such as: (1) Expectations for effort, (2) motivation for learning, (3) Perception of ease of use, (4) habits and (5) social influences. At the same time, this study provides some implications for management to help the school have strategies to support students' self-study to improve the quality of training to response the social needs

Automatic detection of pavement crack feature on images taken from specialized road surface survey vehicle

Approaching to PDCA (Plan - Do - Check - Take Action) in management of infrastructure asset requires digital transformation, sufficient data and strong database supporting management, analysis as well as creation of data-driven decision making tools. For pavements, data including condition indicators such as roughness and rutting depth are collected automatically during the survey vehicle travelling. However, pavement crack ratio and crack features of pattern and segmentation have not been detected by the system but manual in the case in Vietnam. The paper presents result of research on algorithm of statistic machine learning model in AI applying deep learning algorithm to automatically detect crack feature on pavement photos for enhancement of the performance and productivity of current survey technology. In the research, a deep architecture using convolutional neural network (CNN) for crack segmentation on gray scale images has been developed. The results show the CNN model for crack segmentation is better than other methods using traditional digital processing such as the Gabor filters or threshold and machine learning such as Adaboost

Error Correction in Teaching Writing Skill:: From Teacher’s Point of View to Practice, A Study at A Pedagogical University in Vietnam

In English learning, writing skill is considered, by many people, the most difficult skill to be mas-tered. In fact, errors and mistakes in writing are unavoidable and a large amount of them has been de-tected with a variety of types. Previous researchers have also proved the significance of error analysis and correction in enhancing the writing skills of English learners, but the beliefs and applications of teachers in error correction methods still differ. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate these two factors in the teaching and learning environment of a university in Vietnam. The study is conducted in two phases: teacher interview and class observation in practice, with the participation of two Eng-lish teachers who are in charge of teaching writing skill to two classes of 21 and 28 students. The rec-orded results give emphasis to the need of error correction in writing classes, some commonly effec-tive activities utilized; furthermore, there is a remarkable outcome that teachers seldom have academ-ic basis on error correction but mainly depend on their own experience in teaching practice, and their approaching methods to correcting mistakes on students paper can be both direct and indirect. In ad-dition, some ideal activities for error correction, namely peer feedback, on-going writing quizzes, and error codes, are presente

Conceptual Metaphor of Different Conventionality Levels from the Perspectives of Translatability Assessment and Translation Strategies

This study examines the Conceptual Metaphor Theory from an innovative perspective: translatability and translation strategy. The experiment recruited 239 undergraduate students of different translation training to evaluate the translatability of twelve sentences of different metaphor types before translating them into Vietnamese. Additionally, this study examines how students deal with metaphorical mapping images as well as grammatical and lexical refining attempts. The factorial ANOVA results (p=.02) indicate that the effect of metaphor types on translatability levels is conditional on translation training levels, despite the fact that the main effect is on metaphor types, not translation skill. Besides, twelve in-depth strategies to deal with the source sentences are identified, establishing a new model for metaphorical translation strategy. Chi-square analysis reveals associations between translation training levels and strategies (p<.01); and between metaphor types and strategies (p<.01). This study argues for the possibility that translation could be considered among conceptual metaphor's cognitive mechanisms